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/*

 * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

 * are met:

 *

 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products

 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */

/** @addtogroup main

 * @{

 */

/**

 * @file

 * @brief   Main initialization kernel function for all processors.

 *

 * During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent

 * initialization, start executing code found in this file. After

 * bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().

 *

 * The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while

 * the application processors start executing main_ap().

 *

 * @see scheduler()

 * @see main_bsp()

 * @see main_ap()

 */

#include <arch/asm.h>

#include <context.h>

#include <print.h>

#include <panic.h>

#include <debug.h>

#include <config.h>

#include <time/clock.h>

#include <time/timeout.h>

#include <proc/scheduler.h>

#include <proc/thread.h>

#include <proc/task.h>

#include <proc/tasklet.h>

#include <main/kinit.h>

#include <main/version.h>

#include <console/kconsole.h>

#include <console/console.h>

#include <cpu.h>

#include <align.h>

#include <interrupt.h>

#include <mm/frame.h>

#include <mm/page.h>

#include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>

#include <mm/tlb.h>

#include <mm/as.h>

#include <mm/slab.h>

#include <synch/waitq.h>

#include <synch/futex.h>

#include <arch/arch.h>

#include <arch.h>

#include <arch/faddr.h>

#include <ipc/ipc.h>

#include <macros.h>

#include <adt/btree.h>

#include <smp/smp.h>

#include <ddi/ddi.h>

/** Global configuration structure. */

config_t config;

/** Initial user-space tasks */

init_t init = {

    .cnt = 0

};

/** Boot allocations. */

ballocs_t ballocs = {

    .base = NULL,

    .size = 0

};

context_t ctx;

/*

 * These 'hardcoded' variables will be intialized by

 * the linker or the low level assembler code with

 * appropriate sizes and addresses.

 */

/**< Virtual address of where the kernel is loaded. */

uintptr_t hardcoded_load_address = 0;

/**< Size of the kernel code in bytes. */

size_t hardcoded_ktext_size = 0;

/**< Size of the kernel data in bytes. */

size_t hardcoded_kdata_size = 0;

/**< Lowest safe stack virtual address. */

uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;      

void main_bsp(void);

void main_ap(void);

/*

 * These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the

 * kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved

 * space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated

 * pop sequence otherwise.

 */

static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);

#endif

#define CONFIG_STACK_SIZE   ((1 << STACK_FRAMES) * STACK_SIZE)

/** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.

 *

 * The code here still runs on the boot stack, which knows nothing about

 * preemption counts.  Because of that, this function cannot directly call

 * functions that disable or enable preemption (e.g. spinlock_lock()). The

 * primary task of this function is to calculate address of a new stack and

 * switch to it.

 *

 * Assuming interrupts_disable().

 *

 */

void main_bsp(void)

{

    config.cpu_count = 1;

    config.cpu_active = 1;

    config.base = hardcoded_load_address;

    config.kernel_size = ALIGN_UP(hardcoded_ktext_size +

        hardcoded_kdata_size, PAGE_SIZE);

    config.stack_size = CONFIG_STACK_SIZE;

    /* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */

    config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;

    /* Avoid placing stack on top of init */

    count_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {

        if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,

            init.tasks[i].addr, init.tasks[i].size))

            config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(init.tasks[i].addr +

                init.tasks[i].size, config.stack_size);

    }

    /* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */

    if (ballocs.size) {

        if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,

            ballocs.base, ballocs.size))

            config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +

                ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);

    }

    if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)

        config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);

    context_save(&ctx);

    context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack), config.stack_base,

        THREAD_STACK_SIZE);

    context_restore(&ctx);

    /* not reached */

}

/** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.

 *

 * Second part of main_bsp().

 *

 */

void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)

{

    /* Keep this the first thing. */

    the_initialize(THE);

    version_print();

    LOG("\nconfig.base=%#" PRIp " config.kernel_size=%" PRIs

        "\nconfig.stack_base=%#" PRIp " config.stack_size=%" PRIs,

        config.base, config.kernel_size, config.stack_base,

        config.stack_size);

#ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE

    /*

     * kconsole data structures must be initialized very early

     * because other subsystems will register their respective

     * commands.

     */

    LOG_EXEC(kconsole_init());

#endif

    /*

     * Exception handler initialization, before architecture

     * starts adding its own handlers

     */

    LOG_EXEC(exc_init());

    /*

     * Memory management subsystems initialization.

     */

    LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_mm_init());

    LOG_EXEC(frame_init());

    /* Initialize at least 1 memory segment big enough for slab to work. */

    LOG_EXEC(slab_cache_init());

    LOG_EXEC(btree_init());

    LOG_EXEC(as_init());

    LOG_EXEC(page_init());

    LOG_EXEC(tlb_init());

    LOG_EXEC(ddi_init());

    LOG_EXEC(tasklet_init());

    LOG_EXEC(arch_post_mm_init());

    LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_smp_init());

    LOG_EXEC(smp_init());

    /* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */

    LOG_EXEC(slab_enable_cpucache());

    printf("Detected %" PRIc " CPU(s), %" PRIu64" MiB free memory\n",

        config.cpu_count, SIZE2MB(zone_total_size()));

    LOG_EXEC(cpu_init());

    LOG_EXEC(calibrate_delay_loop());

    LOG_EXEC(clock_counter_init());

    LOG_EXEC(timeout_init());

    LOG_EXEC(scheduler_init());

    LOG_EXEC(task_init());

    LOG_EXEC(thread_init());

    LOG_EXEC(futex_init());

    if (init.cnt > 0) {

        count_t i;

        for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)

            LOG("init[%" PRIc "].addr=%#" PRIp ", init[%" PRIc

                "].size=%#" PRIs "\n", i, init.tasks[i].addr, i,

                init.tasks[i].size);

    } else

        printf("No init binaries found\n");

    LOG_EXEC(ipc_init());

    LOG_EXEC(klog_init());

#ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE

    LOG_EXEC(kconsole_notify_init());

#endif

    /*

     * Create kernel task.

     */

    task_t *kernel = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");

    if (!kernel)

        panic("Cannot create kernel task.");

    /*

     * Create the first thread.

     */

    thread_t *kinit_thread

        = thread_create(kinit, NULL, kernel, 0, "kinit", true);

    if (!kinit_thread)

        panic("Cannot create kinit thread.");

    LOG_EXEC(thread_ready(kinit_thread));

    /*

     * This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,

     * starting the thread of kernel threads.

     */

    scheduler();

    /* not reached */

}

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

/** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.

 *

 * Executed by application processors, temporary stack

 * is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.

 * This function passes control directly to

 * main_ap_separated_stack().

 *

 * Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.

 *

 */

void main_ap(void)

{

    /*

     * Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the

     * *_init() functions can find out that they need to

     * do initialization for AP only.

     */

    config.cpu_active++;

    /*

     * The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.

     */

    the_initialize(THE);

    arch_pre_mm_init();

    frame_init();

    page_init();

    tlb_init();

    arch_post_mm_init();

    cpu_init();

    calibrate_delay_loop();

    arch_post_cpu_init();

    the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);

    /*

     * If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could

     * collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we

     * switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.

     */

    context_save(&CPU->saved_context);

    context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),

        (uintptr_t) CPU->stack, CPU_STACK_SIZE);

    context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);

    /* not reached */

}

/** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.

 *

 * Second part of main_ap().

 *

 */

void main_ap_separated_stack(void)

{

    /*

     * Configure timeouts for this cpu.

     */

    timeout_init();

    waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);

    scheduler();

    /* not reached */

}

#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */

/** @}

 */