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/*

 * Copyright (c) 2008 Jakub Jermar

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

 * are met:

 *

 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products

 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */

/** @addtogroup fs

 * @{

 */

/**

 * @file    fat_idx.c

 * @brief   Layer for translating FAT entities to VFS node indices.

 */

#include "fat.h"

#include "../../vfs/vfs.h"

#include <errno.h>

#include <string.h>

#include <libadt/hash_table.h>

#include <libadt/list.h>

#include <assert.h>

#include <futex.h>

/** Each instance of this type describes one interval of freed VFS indices. */

typedef struct {

    link_t      link;

    fs_index_t  first;

    fs_index_t  last;

} freed_t;

/**

 * Each instance of this type describes state of all VFS indices that

 * are currently unused.

 */

typedef struct {

    link_t      link;

    dev_handle_t    dev_handle;

    /** Next unassigned index. */

    fs_index_t  next;

    /** Number of remaining unassigned indices. */

    uint64_t    remaining;

    /** Sorted list of intervals of freed indices. */

    link_t      freed_head;

} unused_t;

/** Futex protecting the list of unused structures. */

static futex_t unused_futex = FUTEX_INITIALIZER;

/** List of unused structures. */

static LIST_INITIALIZE(unused_head);

static void unused_initialize(unused_t *u, dev_handle_t dev_handle)

{

    link_initialize(&u->link);

    u->dev_handle = dev_handle;

    u->next = 0;

    u->remaining = ((uint64_t)((fs_index_t)-1)) + 1;

    list_initialize(&u->freed_head);

}

static unused_t *unused_find(dev_handle_t dev_handle, bool lock)

{

    unused_t *u;

    link_t *l;

    if (lock)

        futex_down(&unused_futex);

    for (l = unused_head.next; l != &unused_head; l = l->next) {

        u = list_get_instance(l, unused_t, link);

        if (u->dev_handle == dev_handle)

            return u;

    }

    if (lock)

        futex_up(&unused_futex);

    return NULL;

}

/** Futex protecting the up_hash and ui_hash. */

static futex_t used_futex = FUTEX_INITIALIZER;

/**

 * Global hash table of all used fat_idx_t structures.

 * The index structures are hashed by the dev_handle, parent node's first

 * cluster and index within the parent directory.

 */

static hash_table_t up_hash;

#define UPH_BUCKETS_LOG 12

#define UPH_BUCKETS (1 << UPH_BUCKETS_LOG)

#define UPH_DH_KEY  0

#define UPH_PFC_KEY 1

#define UPH_PDI_KEY 2

static hash_index_t pos_hash(unsigned long key[])

{

    dev_handle_t dev_handle = (dev_handle_t)key[UPH_DH_KEY];

    fat_cluster_t pfc = (fat_cluster_t)key[UPH_PFC_KEY];

    unsigned pdi = (unsigned)key[UPH_PDI_KEY];

    hash_index_t h;

    /*

     * The least significant half of all bits are the least significant bits

     * of the parent node's first cluster.

     *

     * The least significant half of the most significant half of all bits

     * are the least significant bits of the node's dentry index within the

     * parent directory node.

     *

     * The most significant half of the most significant half of all bits

     * are the least significant bits of the device handle.

     */

    h = pfc & ((1 << (UPH_BUCKETS_LOG / 2)) - 1);

    h |= (pdi & ((1 << (UPH_BUCKETS_LOG / 4)) - 1)) <<

        (UPH_BUCKETS_LOG / 2);

    h |= (dev_handle & ((1 << (UPH_BUCKETS_LOG / 4)) - 1)) <<

        (3 * (UPH_BUCKETS_LOG / 4));

    return h;

}

static int pos_compare(unsigned long key[], hash_count_t keys, link_t *item)

{

    dev_handle_t dev_handle = (dev_handle_t)key[UPH_DH_KEY];

    fat_cluster_t pfc = (fat_cluster_t)key[UPH_PFC_KEY];

    unsigned pdi = (unsigned)key[UPH_PDI_KEY];

    fat_idx_t *fidx = list_get_instance(item, fat_idx_t, uph_link);

    return (dev_handle == fidx->dev_handle) && (pfc == fidx->pfc) &&

        (pdi == fidx->pdi);

}

static void pos_remove_callback(link_t *item)

{

    /* nothing to do */

}

static hash_table_operations_t uph_ops = {

    .hash = pos_hash,

    .compare = pos_compare,

    .remove_callback = pos_remove_callback,

};

/**

 * Global hash table of all used fat_idx_t structures.

 * The index structures are hashed by the dev_handle and index.

 */

static hash_table_t ui_hash;

#define UIH_BUCKETS_LOG 12

#define UIH_BUCKETS (1 << UIH_BUCKETS_LOG)

#define UIH_DH_KEY  0

#define UIH_INDEX_KEY   1

static hash_index_t idx_hash(unsigned long key[])

{

    dev_handle_t dev_handle = (dev_handle_t)key[UIH_DH_KEY];

    fs_index_t index = (fs_index_t)key[UIH_INDEX_KEY];

    hash_index_t h;

    h = dev_handle & ((1 << (UIH_BUCKETS_LOG / 2)) - 1);

    h |= (index & ((1 << (UIH_BUCKETS_LOG / 2)) - 1)) <<

        (UIH_BUCKETS_LOG / 2);

    return h;

}

static int idx_compare(unsigned long key[], hash_count_t keys, link_t *item)

{

    dev_handle_t dev_handle = (dev_handle_t)key[UIH_DH_KEY];

    fs_index_t index = (fs_index_t)key[UIH_INDEX_KEY];

    fat_idx_t *fidx = list_get_instance(item, fat_idx_t, uih_link);

    return (dev_handle == fidx->dev_handle) && (index == fidx->index);

}

static void idx_remove_callback(link_t *item)

{

    /* nothing to do */

}

static hash_table_operations_t uih_ops = {

    .hash = idx_hash,

    .compare = idx_compare,

    .remove_callback = idx_remove_callback,

};

/** Allocate a VFS index which is not currently in use. */

static bool fat_index_alloc(dev_handle_t dev_handle, fs_index_t *index)

{

    unused_t *u;

    assert(index);

    u = unused_find(dev_handle, true);

    if (!u)

        return false;  

    if (list_empty(&u->freed_head)) {

        if (u->remaining) {

            /*

             * There are no freed indices, allocate one directly

             * from the counter.

             */

            *index = u->next++;

            --u->remaining;

            futex_up(&unused_futex);

            return true;

        }

    } else {

        /* There are some freed indices which we can reuse. */

        freed_t *f = list_get_instance(u->freed_head.next, freed_t,

            link);

        *index = f->first;

        if (f->first++ == f->last) {

            /* Destroy the interval. */

            list_remove(&f->link);

            free(f);

        }

        futex_up(&unused_futex);

        return true;

    }

    /*

     * We ran out of indices, which is extremely unlikely with FAT16, but

     * theoretically still possible (e.g. too many open unlinked nodes or

     * too many zero-sized nodes).

     */

    futex_up(&unused_futex);

    return false;

}

/** If possible, coalesce two intervals of freed indices. */

static void try_coalesce_intervals(link_t *l, link_t *r, link_t *cur)

{

    freed_t *fl = list_get_instance(l, freed_t, link);

    freed_t *fr = list_get_instance(r, freed_t, link);

    if (fl->last + 1 == fr->first) {

        if (cur == l) {

            fl->last = fr->last;

            list_remove(r);

            free(r);

        } else {

            fr->first = fl->first;

            list_remove(l);

            free(l);

        }

    }

}

/** Free a VFS index, which is no longer in use. */

static void fat_index_free(dev_handle_t dev_handle, fs_index_t index)

{

    unused_t *u;

    u = unused_find(dev_handle, true);

    assert(u);

    if (u->next == index + 1) {

        /* The index can be returned directly to the counter. */

        u->next--;

        u->remaining++;

    } else {

        /*

         * The index must be returned either to an existing freed

         * interval or a new interval must be created.

         */

        link_t *lnk;

        freed_t *n;

        for (lnk = u->freed_head.next; lnk != &u->freed_head;

            lnk = lnk->next) {

            freed_t *f = list_get_instance(lnk, freed_t, link);

            if (f->first == index + 1) {

                f->first--;

                if (lnk->prev != &u->freed_head)

                    try_coalesce_intervals(lnk->prev, lnk,

                        lnk);

                futex_up(&unused_futex);

                return;

            }

            if (f->last == index - 1) {

                f->last++;

                if (lnk->next != &u->freed_head)

                    try_coalesce_intervals(lnk, lnk->next,

                        lnk);

                futex_up(&unused_futex);

                return;

            }

            if (index > f->first) {

                n = malloc(sizeof(freed_t));

                /* TODO: sleep until allocation succeeds */

                assert(n);

                link_initialize(&n->link);

                n->first = index;

                n->last = index;

                list_insert_before(&n->link, lnk);

                futex_up(&unused_futex);

                return;

            }

        }

        /* The index will form the last interval. */

        n = malloc(sizeof(freed_t));

        /* TODO: sleep until allocation succeeds */

        assert(n);

        link_initialize(&n->link);

        n->first = index;

        n->last = index;

        list_append(&n->link, &u->freed_head);

    }

    futex_up(&unused_futex);

}

static fat_idx_t *fat_idx_create(dev_handle_t dev_handle)

{

    fat_idx_t *fidx;

    fidx = (fat_idx_t *) malloc(sizeof(fat_idx_t));

    if (!fidx)

        return NULL;

    if (!fat_index_alloc(dev_handle, &fidx->index)) {

        free(fidx);

        return NULL;

    }

    link_initialize(&fidx->uph_link);

    link_initialize(&fidx->uih_link);

    futex_initialize(&fidx->lock, 1);

    fidx->dev_handle = dev_handle;

    fidx->pfc = FAT_CLST_RES0;  /* no parent yet */

    fidx->pdi = 0;

    fidx->nodep = NULL;

    return fidx;

}

fat_idx_t *fat_idx_get_new(dev_handle_t dev_handle)

{

    fat_idx_t *fidx;

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    fidx = fat_idx_create(dev_handle);

    if (!fidx) {

        futex_up(&used_futex);

        return NULL;

    }

    unsigned long ikey[] = {

        [UIH_DH_KEY] = dev_handle,

        [UIH_INDEX_KEY] = fidx->index,

    };

    hash_table_insert(&ui_hash, ikey, &fidx->uih_link);

    futex_down(&fidx->lock);

    futex_up(&used_futex);

    return fidx;

}

fat_idx_t *

fat_idx_get_by_pos(dev_handle_t dev_handle, fat_cluster_t pfc, unsigned pdi)

{

    fat_idx_t *fidx;

    link_t *l;

    unsigned long pkey[] = {

        [UPH_DH_KEY] = dev_handle,

        [UPH_PFC_KEY] = pfc,

        [UPH_PDI_KEY] = pdi,

    };

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    l = hash_table_find(&up_hash, pkey);

    if (l) {

        fidx = hash_table_get_instance(l, fat_idx_t, uph_link);

    } else {

        fidx = fat_idx_create(dev_handle);

        if (!fidx) {

            futex_up(&used_futex);

            return NULL;

        }

        unsigned long ikey[] = {

            [UIH_DH_KEY] = dev_handle,

            [UIH_INDEX_KEY] = fidx->index,

        };

        fidx->pfc = pfc;

        fidx->pdi = pdi;

        hash_table_insert(&up_hash, pkey, &fidx->uph_link);

        hash_table_insert(&ui_hash, ikey, &fidx->uih_link);

    }

    futex_down(&fidx->lock);

    futex_up(&used_futex);

    return fidx;

}

void fat_idx_hashin(fat_idx_t *idx)

{

    unsigned long pkey[] = {

        [UPH_DH_KEY] = idx->dev_handle,

        [UPH_PFC_KEY] = idx->pfc,

        [UPH_PDI_KEY] = idx->pdi,

    };

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    hash_table_insert(&up_hash, pkey, &idx->uph_link);

    futex_up(&used_futex);

}

void fat_idx_hashout(fat_idx_t *idx)

{

    unsigned long pkey[] = {

        [UPH_DH_KEY] = idx->dev_handle,

        [UPH_PFC_KEY] = idx->pfc,

        [UPH_PDI_KEY] = idx->pdi,

    };

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    hash_table_remove(&up_hash, pkey, 3);

    futex_up(&used_futex);

}

fat_idx_t *

fat_idx_get_by_index(dev_handle_t dev_handle, fs_index_t index)

{

    fat_idx_t *fidx = NULL;

    link_t *l;

    unsigned long ikey[] = {

        [UIH_DH_KEY] = dev_handle,

        [UIH_INDEX_KEY] = index,

    };

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    l = hash_table_find(&ui_hash, ikey);

    if (l) {

        fidx = hash_table_get_instance(l, fat_idx_t, uih_link);

        futex_down(&fidx->lock);

    }

    futex_up(&used_futex);

    return fidx;

}

/** Destroy the index structure.

 *

 * @param idx       The index structure to be destroyed.

 */

void fat_idx_destroy(fat_idx_t *idx)

{

    unsigned long ikey[] = {

        [UIH_DH_KEY] = idx->dev_handle,

        [UIH_INDEX_KEY] = idx->index,

    };

    assert(idx->pfc == FAT_CLST_RES0);

    futex_down(&used_futex);

    /*

     * Since we can only free unlinked nodes, the index structure is not

     * present in the position hash (uph). We therefore hash it out from

     * the index hash only.

     */

    hash_table_remove(&ui_hash, ikey, 2);

    futex_up(&used_futex);

    /* Release the VFS index. */

    fat_index_free(idx->dev_handle, idx->index);

    /* Deallocate the structure. */

    free(idx);

}

int fat_idx_init(void)

{

    if (!hash_table_create(&up_hash, UPH_BUCKETS, 3, &uph_ops))

        return ENOMEM;

    if (!hash_table_create(&ui_hash, UIH_BUCKETS, 2, &uih_ops)) {

        hash_table_destroy(&up_hash);

        return ENOMEM;

    }

    return EOK;

}

void fat_idx_fini(void)

{

    /* We assume the hash tables are empty. */

    hash_table_destroy(&up_hash);

    hash_table_destroy(&ui_hash);

}

int fat_idx_init_by_dev_handle(dev_handle_t dev_handle)

{

    unused_t *u;

    int rc = EOK;

    u = (unused_t *) malloc(sizeof(unused_t));

    if (!u)

        return ENOMEM;

    unused_initialize(u, dev_handle);

    futex_down(&unused_futex);

    if (!unused_find(dev_handle, false))

        list_append(&u->link, &unused_head);

    else

        rc = EEXIST;

    futex_up(&unused_futex);

    return rc;

}

void fat_idx_fini_by_dev_handle(dev_handle_t dev_handle)

{

    unused_t *u;

    u = unused_find(dev_handle, true);

    assert(u);

    list_remove(&u->link);

    futex_up(&unused_futex);

    while (!list_empty(&u->freed_head)) {

        freed_t *f;

        f = list_get_instance(u->freed_head.next, freed_t, link);

        list_remove(&f->link);

        free(f);

    }

    free(u);

}

/**

 * @}

 */