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/*

 * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

 * are met:

 *

 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products

 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */

/** @addtogroup time

 * @{

 */

/**

 * @file

 * @brief   High-level clock interrupt handler.

 *

 * This file contains the clock() function which is the source

 * of preemption. It is also responsible for executing expired

 * timeouts.

 */

#include <time/clock.h>

#include <time/timeout.h>

#include <config.h>

#include <synch/spinlock.h>

#include <synch/waitq.h>

#include <func.h>

#include <proc/scheduler.h>

#include <cpu.h>

#include <arch.h>

#include <adt/list.h>

#include <atomic.h>

#include <proc/thread.h>

#include <sysinfo/sysinfo.h>

#include <arch/barrier.h>

#include <mm/frame.h>

#include <ddi/ddi.h>

/* Pointer to variable with uptime */

uptime_t *uptime;

/** Physical memory area of the real time clock */

static parea_t clock_parea;

/* Variable holding fragment of second, so that we would update

 * seconds correctly

 */

static unative_t secfrag = 0;

/** Initialize realtime clock counter

 *

 * The applications (and sometimes kernel) need to access accurate

 * information about realtime data. We allocate 1 page with these

 * data and update it periodically.

 */

void clock_counter_init(void)

{

    void *faddr;

    faddr = frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, FRAME_ATOMIC);

    if (!faddr)

        panic("Cannot allocate page for clock");

    uptime = (uptime_t *) PA2KA(faddr);

    uptime->seconds1 = 0;

    uptime->seconds2 = 0;

    uptime->useconds = 0;

    clock_parea.pbase = (uintptr_t) faddr;

    clock_parea.vbase = (uintptr_t) uptime;

    clock_parea.frames = 1;

    clock_parea.cacheable = true;

    ddi_parea_register(&clock_parea);

    /*

     * Prepare information for the userspace so that it can successfully

     * physmem_map() the clock_parea.

     */

    sysinfo_set_item_val("clock.cacheable", NULL, (unative_t) true);

    sysinfo_set_item_val("clock.faddr", NULL, (unative_t) faddr);

}

/** Update public counters

 *

 * Update it only on first processor

 * TODO: Do we really need so many write barriers?

 */

static void clock_update_counters(void)

{

    if (CPU->id == 0) {

        secfrag += 1000000 / HZ;

        if (secfrag >= 1000000) {

            secfrag -= 1000000;

            uptime->seconds1++;

            write_barrier();

            uptime->useconds = secfrag;

            write_barrier();

            uptime->seconds2 = uptime->seconds1;

        } else

            uptime->useconds += 1000000 / HZ;

    }

}

#if defined CONFIG_TIMEOUT_AVL_TREE

/** Clock routine

 *

 * Clock routine executed from clock interrupt handler

 * (assuming interrupts_disable()'d). Runs expired timeouts

 * and preemptive scheduling.

 *

 */

void clock(void)

{

    timeout_t *h;

    timeout_handler_t f;

    void *arg;

    count_t missed_clock_ticks = CPU->missed_clock_ticks;

    uint64_t *i = &(CPU->timeout_active_tree.base);

    uint64_t absolute_clock_ticks = *i + missed_clock_ticks;

    avltree_node_t *expnode;

    /*

     * To avoid lock ordering problems,

     * run all expired timeouts as you visit them.

     */

    for (; *i <= absolute_clock_ticks; (*i)++) {

        /*

         * Basetime is encreased by missed clock ticks + 1 !!

         */

        clock_update_counters();

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        /*

         * Check whether first timeout (with the smallest key in the tree) time out. If so perform

         * callback function and try next timeout (more timeouts can have same timeout).

         */

        while ((expnode = avltree_find_min(&CPU->timeout_active_tree)) != NULL) {

            h = avltree_get_instance(expnode,timeout_t,node);

            spinlock_lock(&h->lock);

            if (expnode->key != *i) {

                spinlock_unlock(&h->lock);

                break;

            }

            /*

             * Delete minimal key from the tree and repair tree structure in

             * logarithmic time.

             */

            avltree_delete_min(&CPU->timeout_active_tree);

            f = h->handler;

            arg = h->arg;

            timeout_reinitialize(h);

            spinlock_unlock(&h->lock); 

            spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

            f(arg);

            spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

    }

    CPU->missed_clock_ticks = 0;

    /*

     * Do CPU usage accounting and find out whether to preempt THREAD.

     */

    if (THREAD) {

        uint64_t ticks;

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->lock);

        CPU->needs_relink += 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->lock);   

        spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);

        if ((ticks = THREAD->ticks)) {

            if (ticks >= 1 + missed_clock_ticks)

                THREAD->ticks -= 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

            else

                THREAD->ticks = 0;

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);

        if (!ticks && !PREEMPTION_DISABLED) {

            scheduler();

        }

    }

}

#elif defined CONFIG_TIMEOUT_EXTAVL_TREE

/** Clock routine

 *

 * Clock routine executed from clock interrupt handler

 * (assuming interrupts_disable()'d). Runs expired timeouts

 * and preemptive scheduling.

 *

 */

void clock(void)

{

    timeout_t *h;

    timeout_handler_t f;

    void *arg;

    count_t missed_clock_ticks = CPU->missed_clock_ticks;

    uint64_t *i = &(CPU->timeout_active_tree.base);

    uint64_t absolute_clock_ticks = *i + missed_clock_ticks;

    extavltree_node_t *expnode;

    /*

     * To avoid lock ordering problems,

     * run all expired timeouts as you visit them.

     */

    for (; *i <= absolute_clock_ticks; (*i)++) {

        /*

         * Basetime is encreased by missed clock ticks + 1 !!

         */

        clock_update_counters();

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        /*

         * Check whether first timeout in list time out. If so perform callback function and try

         * next timeout (more timeouts can have same timeout).

         */

        while ((expnode = CPU->timeout_active_tree.head.next) != &(CPU->timeout_active_tree.head)) {

            h = extavltree_get_instance(expnode,timeout_t,node);

            spinlock_lock(&h->lock);

            if (expnode->key != *i) {

                spinlock_unlock(&h->lock);

                break;

            }

            /*

             * Delete first node in the list and repair tree structure in

             * constant time.

             */

            extavltree_delete_min(&CPU->timeout_active_tree);

            f = h->handler;

            arg = h->arg;

            timeout_reinitialize(h);

            spinlock_unlock(&h->lock); 

            spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

            f(arg);

            spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

    }

    CPU->missed_clock_ticks = 0;

    /*

     * Do CPU usage accounting and find out whether to preempt THREAD.

     */

    if (THREAD) {

        uint64_t ticks;

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->lock);

        CPU->needs_relink += 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->lock);   

        spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);

        if ((ticks = THREAD->ticks)) {

            if (ticks >= 1 + missed_clock_ticks)

                THREAD->ticks -= 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

            else

                THREAD->ticks = 0;

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);

        if (!ticks && !PREEMPTION_DISABLED) {

            scheduler();

        }

    }

}

#elif defined CONFIG_TIMEOUT_EXTAVLREL_TREE

/** Clock routine

 *

 * Clock routine executed from clock interrupt handler

 * (assuming interrupts_disable()'d). Runs expired timeouts

 * and preemptive scheduling.

 *

 */

void clock(void)

{

    extavlreltree_node_t *expnode;

    timeout_t *h;

    timeout_handler_t f;

    void *arg;

    count_t missed_clock_ticks = CPU->missed_clock_ticks;

    int i;

    /*

     * To avoid lock ordering problems,

     * run all expired timeouts as you visit them.

     */

    for (i = 0; i <= missed_clock_ticks; i++) {

        clock_update_counters();

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        /*

         * Check whether first timeout in list time out. If so perform callback function and try

         * next timeout (more timeouts can have same timeout).

         */

        while ((expnode = CPU->timeout_active_tree.head.next) != &(CPU->timeout_active_tree.head)) {

            h = extavlreltree_get_instance(expnode,timeout_t,node);

            spinlock_lock(&h->lock);

            if (expnode->key != 0) {

                expnode->key--;

                spinlock_unlock(&h->lock);

                break;

            }

            /*

             * Delete first node in the list and repair tree structure in

             * constant time. Be careful of expnode's key, it must be 0!

             */

            extavlreltree_delete_min(&CPU->timeout_active_tree);

            f = h->handler;

            arg = h->arg;

            timeout_reinitialize(h);

            spinlock_unlock(&h->lock); 

            spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

            f(arg);

            spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

    }

    CPU->missed_clock_ticks = 0;

    /*

     * Do CPU usage accounting and find out whether to preempt THREAD.

     */

    if (THREAD) {

        uint64_t ticks;

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->lock);

        CPU->needs_relink += 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->lock);   

        spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);

        if ((ticks = THREAD->ticks)) {

            if (ticks >= 1 + missed_clock_ticks)

                THREAD->ticks -= 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

            else

                THREAD->ticks = 0;

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);

        if (!ticks && !PREEMPTION_DISABLED) {

            scheduler();

        }

    }

}

#else

/** Clock routine

 *

 * Clock routine executed from clock interrupt handler

 * (assuming interrupts_disable()'d). Runs expired timeouts

 * and preemptive scheduling.

 *

 */

void clock(void)

{

    link_t *l;

    timeout_t *h;

    timeout_handler_t f;

    void *arg;

    count_t missed_clock_ticks = CPU->missed_clock_ticks;

    int i;

    /*

     * To avoid lock ordering problems,

     * run all expired timeouts as you visit them.

     */

    for (i = 0; i <= missed_clock_ticks; i++) {

        clock_update_counters();

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        while ((l = CPU->timeout_active_head.next) != &CPU->timeout_active_head) {

            h = list_get_instance(l, timeout_t, link);

            spinlock_lock(&h->lock);

            if (h->ticks-- != 0) {

                spinlock_unlock(&h->lock);

                break;

            }

            list_remove(l);

            f = h->handler;

            arg = h->arg;

            timeout_reinitialize(h);

            spinlock_unlock(&h->lock); 

            spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

            f(arg);

            spinlock_lock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->timeoutlock);

    }

    CPU->missed_clock_ticks = 0;

    /*

     * Do CPU usage accounting and find out whether to preempt THREAD.

     */

    if (THREAD) {

        uint64_t ticks;

        spinlock_lock(&CPU->lock);

        CPU->needs_relink += 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

        spinlock_unlock(&CPU->lock);   

        spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);

        if ((ticks = THREAD->ticks)) {

            if (ticks >= 1 + missed_clock_ticks)

                THREAD->ticks -= 1 + missed_clock_ticks;

            else

                THREAD->ticks = 0;

        }

        spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);

        if (!ticks && !PREEMPTION_DISABLED) {

            scheduler();

        }

    }

}

#endif

/** @}

 */