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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (C) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** Reader/Writer locks
  30.  *
  31.  * A reader/writer lock can be held by multiple readers at a time.
  32.  * Or it can be exclusively held by a sole writer at a time.
  33.  */
  34.  
  35. /*
  36.  * These locks are not recursive.
  37.  * Neither readers nor writers will suffer starvation.
  38.  *
  39.  * If there is a writer followed by a reader waiting for the rwlock
  40.  * and the writer times out, all leading readers are automatically woken up
  41.  * and allowed in.
  42.  */
  43.  
  44. /*
  45.  * NOTE ON rwlock_holder_type
  46.  * This field is set on an attempt to acquire the exclusive mutex
  47.  * to the respective value depending whether the caller is a reader
  48.  * or a writer. The field is examined only if the thread had been
  49.  * previously blocked on the exclusive mutex. Thus it is save
  50.  * to store the rwlock type in the thread structure, because
  51.  * each thread can block on only one rwlock at a time.
  52.  */
  53.  
  54. #include <synch/rwlock.h>
  55. #include <synch/spinlock.h>
  56. #include <synch/mutex.h>
  57. #include <synch/waitq.h>
  58. #include <synch/synch.h>
  59. #include <adt/list.h>
  60. #include <typedefs.h>
  61. #include <arch/asm.h>
  62. #include <arch.h>
  63. #include <proc/thread.h>
  64. #include <panic.h>
  65.  
  66. #define ALLOW_ALL       0
  67. #define ALLOW_READERS_ONLY  1
  68.  
  69. static void let_others_in(rwlock_t *rwl, int readers_only);
  70. static void release_spinlock(void *arg);
  71.  
  72. /** Initialize reader/writer lock
  73.  *
  74.  * Initialize reader/writer lock.
  75.  *
  76.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  77.  */
  78. void rwlock_initialize(rwlock_t *rwl) {
  79.     spinlock_initialize(&rwl->lock, "rwlock_t");
  80.     mutex_initialize(&rwl->exclusive);
  81.     rwl->readers_in = 0;
  82. }
  83.  
  84. /** Acquire reader/writer lock for reading
  85.  *
  86.  * Acquire reader/writer lock for reading.
  87.  * Timeout and willingness to block may be specified.
  88.  *
  89.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  90.  * @param usec Timeout in microseconds.
  91.  * @param trylock Switches between blocking and non-blocking mode.
  92.  *
  93.  * For exact description of possible combinations of
  94.  * 'usec' and 'trylock', see comment for waitq_sleep_timeout().
  95.  *
  96.  * @return See comment for waitq_sleep_timeout().
  97.  */
  98. int _rwlock_write_lock_timeout(rwlock_t *rwl, __u32 usec, int trylock)
  99. {
  100.     ipl_t ipl;
  101.     int rc;
  102.    
  103.     ipl = interrupts_disable();
  104.     spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);
  105.     THREAD->rwlock_holder_type = RWLOCK_WRITER;
  106.     spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);
  107.     interrupts_restore(ipl);
  108.  
  109.     /*
  110.      * Writers take the easy part.
  111.      * They just need to acquire the exclusive mutex.
  112.      */
  113.     rc = _mutex_lock_timeout(&rwl->exclusive, usec, trylock);
  114.     if (SYNCH_FAILED(rc)) {
  115.  
  116.         /*
  117.          * Lock operation timed out.
  118.          * The state of rwl is UNKNOWN at this point.
  119.          * No claims about its holder can be made.
  120.          */
  121.          
  122.         ipl = interrupts_disable();
  123.         spinlock_lock(&rwl->lock);
  124.         /*
  125.          * Now when rwl is locked, we can inspect it again.
  126.          * If it is held by some readers already, we can let
  127.          * readers from the head of the wait queue in.
  128.          */
  129.         if (rwl->readers_in)
  130.             let_others_in(rwl, ALLOW_READERS_ONLY);
  131.         spinlock_unlock(&rwl->lock);
  132.         interrupts_restore(ipl);
  133.     }
  134.    
  135.     return rc;
  136. }
  137.  
  138. /** Acquire reader/writer lock for writing
  139.  *
  140.  * Acquire reader/writer lock for writing.
  141.  * Timeout and willingness to block may be specified.
  142.  *
  143.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  144.  * @param usec Timeout in microseconds.
  145.  * @param trylock Switches between blocking and non-blocking mode.
  146.  *
  147.  * For exact description of possible combinations of
  148.  * 'usec' and 'trylock', see comment for waitq_sleep_timeout().
  149.  *
  150.  * @return See comment for waitq_sleep_timeout().
  151.  */
  152. int _rwlock_read_lock_timeout(rwlock_t *rwl, __u32 usec, int trylock)
  153. {
  154.     int rc;
  155.     ipl_t ipl;
  156.    
  157.     ipl = interrupts_disable();
  158.     spinlock_lock(&THREAD->lock);
  159.     THREAD->rwlock_holder_type = RWLOCK_READER;
  160.     spinlock_unlock(&THREAD->lock);
  161.  
  162.     spinlock_lock(&rwl->lock);
  163.  
  164.     /*
  165.      * Find out whether we can get what we want without blocking.
  166.      */
  167.     rc = mutex_trylock(&rwl->exclusive);
  168.     if (SYNCH_FAILED(rc)) {
  169.  
  170.         /*
  171.          * 'exclusive' mutex is being held by someone else.
  172.          * If the holder is a reader and there is no one
  173.          * else waiting for it, we can enter the critical
  174.          * section.
  175.          */
  176.  
  177.         if (rwl->readers_in) {
  178.             spinlock_lock(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.lock);
  179.             if (list_empty(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.head)) {
  180.                 /*
  181.                  * We can enter.
  182.                  */
  183.                 spinlock_unlock(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.lock);
  184.                 goto shortcut;
  185.             }
  186.             spinlock_unlock(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.lock);
  187.         }
  188.  
  189.         /*
  190.          * In order to prevent a race condition when a reader
  191.          * could block another reader at the head of the waitq,
  192.          * we register a function to unlock rwl->lock
  193.          * after this thread is put asleep.
  194.          */
  195.         #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  196.         thread_register_call_me(release_spinlock, &rwl->lock);
  197.         #else
  198.         thread_register_call_me(release_spinlock, NULL);
  199.         #endif
  200.                  
  201.         rc = _mutex_lock_timeout(&rwl->exclusive, usec, trylock);
  202.         switch (rc) {
  203.             case ESYNCH_WOULD_BLOCK:
  204.                 /*
  205.                  * release_spinlock() wasn't called
  206.                  */
  207.                 thread_register_call_me(NULL, NULL);
  208.                 spinlock_unlock(&rwl->lock);
  209.             case ESYNCH_TIMEOUT:
  210.                 /*
  211.                  * The sleep timeouted.
  212.                  * We just restore interrupt priority level.
  213.                  */
  214.             case ESYNCH_OK_BLOCKED:    
  215.                 /*
  216.                  * We were woken with rwl->readers_in already incremented.
  217.                  * Note that this arrangement avoids race condition between
  218.                  * two concurrent readers. (Race is avoided if 'exclusive' is
  219.                  * locked at the same time as 'readers_in' is incremented.
  220.                  * Same time means both events happen atomically when
  221.                  * rwl->lock is held.)
  222.                  */
  223.                 interrupts_restore(ipl);
  224.                 break;
  225.             case ESYNCH_OK_ATOMIC:
  226.                 panic("_mutex_lock_timeout()==ESYNCH_OK_ATOMIC\n");
  227.                 break;
  228.             default:
  229.                 panic("invalid ESYNCH\n");
  230.                 break;
  231.         }
  232.         return rc;
  233.     }
  234.  
  235. shortcut:
  236.  
  237.     /*
  238.      * We can increment readers_in only if we didn't go to sleep.
  239.      * For sleepers, rwlock_let_others_in() will do the job.
  240.      */
  241.     rwl->readers_in++;
  242.    
  243.     spinlock_unlock(&rwl->lock);
  244.     interrupts_restore(ipl);
  245.  
  246.     return ESYNCH_OK_ATOMIC;
  247. }
  248.  
  249. /** Release reader/writer lock held by writer
  250.  *
  251.  * Release reader/writer lock held by writer.
  252.  * Handoff reader/writer lock ownership directly
  253.  * to waiting readers or a writer.
  254.  *
  255.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  256.  */
  257. void rwlock_write_unlock(rwlock_t *rwl)
  258. {
  259.     ipl_t ipl;
  260.    
  261.     ipl = interrupts_disable();
  262.     spinlock_lock(&rwl->lock);
  263.     let_others_in(rwl, ALLOW_ALL);
  264.     spinlock_unlock(&rwl->lock);
  265.     interrupts_restore(ipl);
  266.    
  267. }
  268.  
  269. /** Release reader/writer lock held by reader
  270.  *
  271.  * Release reader/writer lock held by reader.
  272.  * Handoff reader/writer lock ownership directly
  273.  * to a waiting writer or don't do anything if more
  274.  * readers poses the lock.
  275.  *
  276.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  277.  */
  278. void rwlock_read_unlock(rwlock_t *rwl)
  279. {
  280.     ipl_t ipl;
  281.  
  282.     ipl = interrupts_disable();
  283.     spinlock_lock(&rwl->lock);
  284.     if (!--rwl->readers_in)
  285.         let_others_in(rwl, ALLOW_ALL);
  286.     spinlock_unlock(&rwl->lock);
  287.     interrupts_restore(ipl);
  288. }
  289.  
  290.  
  291. /** Direct handoff of reader/writer lock ownership.
  292.  *
  293.  * Direct handoff of reader/writer lock ownership
  294.  * to waiting readers or a writer.
  295.  *
  296.  * Must be called with rwl->lock locked.
  297.  * Must be called with interrupts_disable()'d.
  298.  *
  299.  * @param rwl Reader/Writer lock.
  300.  * @param readers_only See the description below.
  301.  *
  302.  * If readers_only is false: (unlock scenario)
  303.  * Let the first sleeper on 'exclusive' mutex in, no matter
  304.  * whether it is a reader or a writer. If there are more leading
  305.  * readers in line, let each of them in.
  306.  *
  307.  * Otherwise: (timeout scenario)
  308.  * Let all leading readers in.
  309.  */
  310. void let_others_in(rwlock_t *rwl, int readers_only)
  311. {
  312.     rwlock_type_t type = RWLOCK_NONE;
  313.     thread_t *t = NULL;
  314.     bool one_more = true;
  315.    
  316.     spinlock_lock(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.lock);
  317.  
  318.     if (!list_empty(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.head))
  319.         t = list_get_instance(rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.head.next, thread_t, wq_link);
  320.     do {
  321.         if (t) {
  322.             spinlock_lock(&t->lock);
  323.             type = t->rwlock_holder_type;
  324.             spinlock_unlock(&t->lock);         
  325.         }
  326.    
  327.         /*
  328.          * If readers_only is true, we wake all leading readers
  329.          * if and only if rwl is locked by another reader.
  330.          * Assumption: readers_only ==> rwl->readers_in
  331.          */
  332.         if (readers_only && (type != RWLOCK_READER))
  333.             break;
  334.  
  335.  
  336.         if (type == RWLOCK_READER) {
  337.             /*
  338.              * Waking up a reader.
  339.              * We are responsible for incrementing rwl->readers_in for it.
  340.              */
  341.              rwl->readers_in++;
  342.         }
  343.  
  344.         /*
  345.          * Only the last iteration through this loop can increment
  346.          * rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.missed_wakeup's. All preceeding
  347.          * iterations will wake up a thread.
  348.          */
  349.         /* We call the internal version of waitq_wakeup, which
  350.          * relies on the fact that the waitq is already locked.
  351.          */
  352.         _waitq_wakeup_unsafe(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
  353.        
  354.         t = NULL;
  355.         if (!list_empty(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.head)) {
  356.             t = list_get_instance(rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.head.next, thread_t, wq_link);
  357.             if (t) {
  358.                 spinlock_lock(&t->lock);
  359.                 if (t->rwlock_holder_type != RWLOCK_READER)
  360.                     one_more = false;
  361.                 spinlock_unlock(&t->lock); 
  362.             }
  363.         }
  364.     } while ((type == RWLOCK_READER) && t && one_more);
  365.  
  366.     spinlock_unlock(&rwl->exclusive.sem.wq.lock);
  367. }
  368.  
  369. /** Release spinlock callback
  370.  *
  371.  * This is a callback function invoked from the scheduler.
  372.  * The callback is registered in _rwlock_read_lock_timeout().
  373.  *
  374.  * @param arg Spinlock.
  375.  */
  376. void release_spinlock(void *arg)
  377. {
  378.     spinlock_unlock((spinlock_t *) arg);
  379. }
  380.