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# Copyright (c) 2005 Ondrej Palkovsky
# Copyright (c) 2006 Martin Decky
# Copyright (c) 2008 Jakub Jermar
# All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
#   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
#   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
# - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
#   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
# OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
# IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
# NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
# DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
# THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
# (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
# THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#

#include <arch/boot/boot.h>
#include <arch/boot/memmap.h>
#include <arch/mm/page.h>   
#include <arch/mm/ptl.h>
#include <arch/pm.h>
#include <arch/cpu.h>
#include <arch/cpuid.h>

#define START_STACK (BOOT_OFFSET - BOOT_STACK_SIZE)
    
.section K_TEXT_START, "ax"

.code32
.align 4
.global multiboot_image_start
multiboot_header:
    .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC
    .long MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS
    .long -(MULTIBOOT_HEADER_MAGIC + MULTIBOOT_HEADER_FLAGS)    # checksum
    .long multiboot_header
    .long unmapped_ktext_start
    .long 0
    .long 0
    .long multiboot_image_start

multiboot_image_start:
    movl $START_STACK, %esp         # initialize stack pointer
    lgdtl bootstrap_gdtr            # initialize Global Descriptor Table register

    movw $gdtselector(KDATA_DES), %cx
    movw %cx, %es
    movw %cx, %ds                           # kernel data + stack
    movw %cx, %ss
    # Simics seems to remove hidden part of GS on entering user mode
    #  when _visible_ part of GS does not point to user-mode segment
    movw $gdtselector(UDATA_DES), %cx
    movw %cx, %fs
    movw %cx, %gs
    
    jmpl $gdtselector(KTEXT32_DES), $multiboot_meeting_point
    multiboot_meeting_point:
    
    movl %eax, grub_eax                     # save parameters from GRUB
    movl %ebx, grub_ebx
    
    # Protected 32-bit. We want to reuse the code-seg descriptor,
    # the Default operand size must not be 1 when entering long mode
    
    movl $(INTEL_CPUID_EXTENDED), %eax  
    cpuid
    cmp $(INTEL_CPUID_EXTENDED), %eax
    ja extended_cpuid_supported
        
        movl $extended_cpuid_msg, %esi
        jmp error_halt
    
    extended_cpuid_supported:
    
    movl $(AMD_CPUID_EXTENDED), %eax
    cpuid
    bt $(AMD_EXT_LONG_MODE), %edx
    jc long_mode_supported
        
        movl $long_mode_msg, %esi
        jmp error_halt

    long_mode_supported:
    
    bt $(AMD_EXT_NOEXECUTE), %edx
    jc noexecute_supported
    
        movl $noexecute_msg, %esi
        jmp error_halt
    
    noexecute_supported:
    
    movl $(INTEL_CPUID_STANDARD), %eax
    cpuid
    bt $(INTEL_FXSAVE), %edx
    jc fx_supported
    
        movl $fx_msg, %esi
        jmp error_halt
    
    fx_supported:
    
    bt $(INTEL_SSE2), %edx
    jc sse2_supported
    
        movl $sse2_msg, %esi
        jmp error_halt
    
    sse2_supported:
    
#ifdef CONFIG_FB
    mov $vesa_init, %esi
    mov $VESA_INIT_SEGMENT << 4, %edi
    mov $e_vesa_init - vesa_init, %ecx
    cld
    rep movsb

    mov $VESA_INIT_SEGMENT << 4, %edi
    jmpl *%edi
    
    vesa_meeting_point:
    
    mov %esi, KA2PA(vesa_ph_addr)
    mov %di, KA2PA(vesa_height)
    shr $16, %edi
    mov %di, KA2PA(vesa_width)
    mov %bx, KA2PA(vesa_scanline)
    shr $16, %ebx
    mov %bx, KA2PA(vesa_bpp)
#endif  
    
    # Enable 64-bit page translation entries - CR4.PAE = 1.
    # Paging is not enabled until after long mode is enabled
    
    movl %cr4, %eax
    btsl $5, %eax
    movl %eax, %cr4

    # Set up paging tables
    
    leal ptl_0, %eax
    movl %eax, %cr3
    
    # Enable long mode
    
    movl $EFER_MSR_NUM, %ecx            # EFER MSR number
    rdmsr                       # Read EFER
    btsl $AMD_LME_FLAG, %eax            # Set LME = 1
    wrmsr                       # Write EFER
    
    # Enable paging to activate long mode (set CR0.PG = 1)
    
    movl %cr0, %eax
    btsl $31, %eax
    movl %eax, %cr0
    
    # At this point we are in compatibility mode
    
    jmpl $gdtselector(KTEXT_DES), $start64

.code64
start64:
    movq $(PA2KA(START_STACK)), %rsp
    movl grub_eax, %eax
    movl grub_ebx, %ebx
    
    cmpl $MULTIBOOT_LOADER_MAGIC, %eax          # compare GRUB signature
    je valid_boot
        
        xorl %ecx, %ecx                 # no memory size or map available
        movl %ecx, e801memorysize
        movl %ecx, e820counter
        
        jmp invalid_boot
        
    valid_boot:
        
        movl (%ebx), %eax               # ebx = physical address of struct multiboot_info
        
        bt $0, %eax                 # mbi->flags[0] (mem_lower, mem_upper valid)
        jc mem_valid
            
            xorl %ecx, %ecx
            jmp mem_invalid
            
        mem_valid:
        movl 4(%ebx), %ecx              # mbi->mem_lower
        addl 8(%ebx), %ecx              # mbi->mem_upper
        
        mem_invalid:
        movl %ecx, e801memorysize
        
        bt $3, %eax                 # mbi->flags[3] (mods_count, mods_addr valid)
        jc mods_valid
            
            xorq %rcx, %rcx
            movq %rcx, init
            jmp mods_end
        
        mods_valid:
        
        xorq %rcx, %rcx
        movl 20(%ebx), %ecx             # mbi->mods_count
        movq %rcx, init
        
        cmpl $0, %ecx
        je mods_end
        
        movl 24(%ebx), %esi             # mbi->mods_addr
        movq $init, %rdi
        
        mods_loop:
            
            xorq %rdx, %rdx
            movl 0(%esi), %edx          # mods->mod_start
            movq $0xffff800000000000, %r10
            addq %r10, %rdx
            movq %rdx, 8(%rdi)
            
            xorq %rdx, %rdx
            movl 4(%esi), %edx
            subl 0(%esi), %edx          # mods->mod_end - mods->mod_start
            movq %rdx, 16(%rdi)
            
            addl $16, %esi
            addq $16, %rdi
            
            loop mods_loop
            
        mods_end:
        
        bt $6, %eax                 # mbi->flags[6] (mmap_length, mmap_addr valid)  
        jc mmap_valid
            
            xorl %edx, %edx
            jmp mmap_invalid
            
        mmap_valid:
        movl 44(%ebx), %ecx             # mbi->mmap_length
        movl 48(%ebx), %esi             # mbi->mmap_addr
        movq $e820table, %rdi
        xorl %edx, %edx
        
        mmap_loop:
            cmpl $0, %ecx
            jle mmap_end
            
            movl 4(%esi), %eax          # mmap->base_addr_low
            movl %eax, (%rdi)
            
            movl 8(%esi), %eax          # mmap->base_addr_high
            movl %eax, 4(%rdi)
            
            movl 12(%esi), %eax         # mmap->length_low
            movl %eax, 8(%rdi)
            
            movl 16(%esi), %eax         # mmap->length_high
            movl %eax, 12(%rdi)
            
            movl 20(%esi), %eax         # mmap->type
            movl %eax, 16(%rdi)
            
            movl (%esi), %eax           # mmap->size
            addl $0x4, %eax
            addl %eax, %esi
            subl %eax, %ecx
            addq $MEMMAP_E820_RECORD_SIZE, %rdi
            incl %edx
            jmp mmap_loop
        
        mmap_end:
        
        mmap_invalid:
        movl %edx, e820counter
        
    invalid_boot:
    
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
    
    # copy AP bootstrap routines below 1 MB
    
    movq $BOOT_OFFSET, %rsi
    movq $AP_BOOT_OFFSET, %rdi
    movq $_hardcoded_unmapped_size, %rcx
    cld
    rep movsb
    
#endif
    
    call main_bsp   # never returns
    
    cli
    hlt

#ifdef CONFIG_FB
.code32
vesa_init:
    jmp $gdtselector(VESA_INIT_DES), $vesa_init_real - vesa_init
    
.code16
vesa_init_real:
    
    mov %cr0, %eax
    and $~1, %eax
    mov %eax, %cr0
    
    jmp $VESA_INIT_SEGMENT, $vesa_init_real2 - vesa_init
    
vesa_init_real2:
    
    mov $VESA_INIT_SEGMENT, %bx
    
    mov %bx, %es
    mov %bx, %fs
    mov %bx, %gs
    mov %bx, %ds
    mov %bx, %ss
    
    movl $0x0000fffc, %esp
    movl $0x0000fffc, %ebp
    
#define VESA_INFO_SIZE 1024

#define VESA_MODE_ATTRIBUTES_OFFSET 0
#define VESA_MODE_LIST_PTR_OFFSET 14
#define VESA_MODE_SCANLINE_OFFSET 16
#define VESA_MODE_WIDTH_OFFSET 18
#define VESA_MODE_HEIGHT_OFFSET 20
#define VESA_MODE_BPP_OFFSET 25
#define VESA_MODE_PHADDR_OFFSET 40

#define VESA_END_OF_MODES 0xffff

#define VESA_OK 0x4f

#define VESA_GET_INFO 0x4f00
#define VESA_GET_MODE_INFO 0x4f01
#define VESA_SET_MODE 0x4f02
#define VESA_SET_PALETTE 0x4f09

#define CONFIG_VESA_BPP_a 255

#if CONFIG_VESA_BPP == 24
#define CONFIG_VESA_BPP_VARIANT 32
#endif

    mov $VESA_GET_INFO, %ax
    mov $e_vesa_init - vesa_init, %di
    push %di
    int $0x10
    
    pop %di
    cmp $VESA_OK, %al
    jnz 0f
    
    mov 2 + VESA_MODE_LIST_PTR_OFFSET(%di), %si
    mov %si, %gs
    mov VESA_MODE_LIST_PTR_OFFSET(%di), %si
    
    add $VESA_INFO_SIZE, %di

1:# Try next mode
    mov %gs:(%si), %cx
    cmp $VESA_END_OF_MODES, %cx
    jz 0f
    
    inc %si
    inc %si
    push %cx
    push %di
    push %si
    mov $VESA_GET_MODE_INFO, %ax
    int $0x10
    
    pop %si
    pop %di
    pop %cx
    cmp $VESA_OK, %al
    jnz 0f
    
    mov $CONFIG_VESA_WIDTH, %ax
    cmp VESA_MODE_WIDTH_OFFSET(%di), %ax
    jnz 1b
    
    mov $CONFIG_VESA_HEIGHT, %ax
    cmp VESA_MODE_HEIGHT_OFFSET(%di), %ax
    jnz 1b
    
    mov $CONFIG_VESA_BPP, %al
    cmp VESA_MODE_BPP_OFFSET(%di), %al

#ifdef CONFIG_VESA_BPP_VARIANT
    jz 2f
    
    mov $CONFIG_VESA_BPP_VARIANT, %al
    cmp VESA_MODE_BPP_OFFSET(%di), %al
#endif
    jnz 1b
    
2:
    
    mov %cx, %bx
    or $0xc000, %bx
    push %di
    mov $VESA_SET_MODE, %ax
    int $0x10
    
    pop %di
    cmp $VESA_OK, %al
    jnz 0f

#if CONFIG_VESA_BPP == 8
    
    # Set 3:2:3 VGA palette
    
    mov VESA_MODE_ATTRIBUTES_OFFSET(%di), %ax
    push %di
    mov $vga323 - vesa_init, %di
    mov $0x100, %ecx
    
    bt $5, %ax                      # Test if VGA compatible registers are present
    jnc vga_compat
        
        # Try VESA routine to set palette
        
        mov $VESA_SET_PALETTE, %ax
        xor %bl, %bl
        xor %dx, %dx
        int $0x10
        
        jmp vga_not_compat
    
    vga_compat:
        
        # Try VGA registers to set palette
        
        movw $0x3c6, %dx                # Set palette mask
        movb $0xff, %al
        outb %al, %dx
        
        movw $0x3c8, %dx                # First index to set
        xor %al, %al
        outb %al, %dx
        
        movw $0x3c9, %dx                # Data port
        vga_loop:
            movb %es:2(%di), %al
            outb %al, %dx
            
            movb %es:1(%di), %al
            outb %al, %dx
            
            movb %es:(%di), %al
            outb %al, %dx
            
            addw $4, %di
            loop vga_loop
        
    vga_not_compat:
    
    pop %di
    
#endif
    
    mov VESA_MODE_PHADDR_OFFSET(%di), %esi
    mov VESA_MODE_WIDTH_OFFSET(%di), %ax
    shl $16, %eax
    mov VESA_MODE_HEIGHT_OFFSET(%di), %ax
    mov VESA_MODE_BPP_OFFSET(%di), %bl
    xor %bh, %bh
    shl $16, %ebx
    mov VESA_MODE_SCANLINE_OFFSET(%di), %bx
    mov %eax, %edi
    
8:
    
    mov %cr0, %eax
    or $1, %eax
    mov %eax, %cr0
    
    jmp 9f
9:
    
    ljmpl $gdtselector(KTEXT32_DES), $(vesa_init_protect - vesa_init + VESA_INIT_SEGMENT << 4)
    
0:# No prefered mode found
    mov $0x111, %cx
    push %di
    push %cx
    mov $VESA_GET_MODE_INFO, %ax
    int $0x10
    
    pop %cx
    pop %di
    cmp $VESA_OK, %al
    jnz 1f
    jz 2b                       # Force relative jump

1:
    mov $0x0003, %ax
    int $0x10
    mov $0xffffffff, %edi               # EGA text mode used, because of problems with VESA
    xor %ax, %ax
    jz 8b                       # Force relative jump

vga323:
#include "vga323.pal"   
    
.code32
vesa_init_protect:
    movw $gdtselector(KDATA_DES), %cx
    movw %cx, %es
    movw %cx, %ds                   # kernel data + stack
    movw %cx, %ss
    # Simics seems to remove hidden part of GS on entering user mode
    #  when _visible_ part of GS does not point to user-mode segment
    movw $gdtselector(UDATA_DES), %cx
    movw %cx, %fs
    movw %cx, %gs
    
    movl $START_STACK, %esp             # initialize stack pointer
    
    jmpl $gdtselector(KTEXT32_DES), $vesa_meeting_point
    
.align 4
e_vesa_init:
#endif

# Print string from %esi to EGA display (in red) and halt
error_halt:
    movl $0xb8000, %edi             # base of EGA text mode memory
    xorl %eax, %eax
    
    movw $0x3d4, %dx                # read bits 8 - 15 of the cursor address
    movb $0xe, %al
    outb %al, %dx
    
    movw $0x3d5, %dx
    inb %dx, %al
    shl $8, %ax
    
    movw $0x3d4, %dx                # read bits 0 - 7 of the cursor address
    movb $0xf, %al
    outb %al, %dx
    
    movw $0x3d5, %dx
    inb %dx, %al
    
    cmp $1920, %ax
    jbe cursor_ok
        movw $1920, %ax             # sanity check for the cursor on the last line
    cursor_ok:
    
    movw %ax, %bx
    shl $1, %eax
    addl %eax, %edi
    
    movw $0x0c00, %ax               # black background, light red foreground
    cld
    
    ploop:
        lodsb
        cmp $0, %al
        je ploop_end
        stosw
        inc %bx 
        jmp ploop
    ploop_end:
    
    movw $0x3d4, %dx                # write bits 8 - 15 of the cursor address
    movb $0xe, %al
    outb %al, %dx
    
    movw $0x3d5, %dx
    movb %bh, %al
    outb %al, %dx
    
    movw $0x3d4, %dx                # write bits 0 - 7 of the cursor address
    movb $0xf, %al
    outb %al, %dx
    
    movw $0x3d5, %dx
    movb %bl, %al
    outb %al, %dx
        
    cli
    hlt
                

.section K_INI_PTLS, "aw", @progbits

#
# Macro for generating initial page table contents.
# @param cnt    Number of entries to generat. Must be multiple of 8.
# @param g  Number of GB that will be added to the mapping.
#
.macro ptl2gen cnt g 
.if \cnt
    ptl2gen "\cnt - 8" \g 
    .quad ((\cnt - 8) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 7) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 6) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 5) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 4) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 3) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 2) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
    .quad ((\cnt - 1) * 0x200000) + (\g * 1024 * 1024 * 1024) | (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT | PTL_2MB_PAGE)
.endif
.endm

# Page table for pages in the first gigabyte.
.align 4096
.global ptl_2_0g
ptl_2_0g:   
    ptl2gen 512 0

# Page table for pages in the second gigabyte.
.align 4096
.global ptl_2_1g
ptl_2_1g:
    ptl2gen 512 1

# Page table for pages in the third gigabyte.
.align 4096
.global ptl_2_2g
ptl_2_2g:
    ptl2gen 512 2

# Page table for pages in the fourth gigabyte.
.align 4096
.global ptl_2_3g
ptl_2_3g:
    ptl2gen 512 3

.align 4096
.global ptl_1
ptl_1:
    # Identity mapping for [0; 4G)
    .quad ptl_2_0g + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .quad ptl_2_1g + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT) 
    .quad ptl_2_2g + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .quad ptl_2_3g + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .fill 506, 8, 0
    # Mapping of [0; 1G) at -2G
    .quad ptl_2_0g + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .fill 1, 8, 0
    
.align 4096
.global ptl_0
ptl_0:
    .quad ptl_1 + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .fill 255,8,0
    .quad ptl_1 + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)
    .fill 254,8,0
    .quad ptl_1 + (PTL_WRITABLE | PTL_PRESENT)

.section K_DATA_START, "aw", @progbits

.global bootstrap_gdtr
bootstrap_gdtr:
    .word gdtselector(GDT_ITEMS)
    .long KA2PA(gdt)

grub_eax:
    .long 0

grub_ebx:
    .long 0

extended_cpuid_msg:
    .asciz "Extended CPUID not supported. System halted."
long_mode_msg:
    .asciz "64 bit long mode not supported. System halted."
noexecute_msg:
    .asciz "No-execute pages not supported. System halted."
fx_msg:
    .asciz "FXSAVE/FXRESTORE instructions not supported. System halted."
sse2_msg:
    .asciz "SSE2 instructions not supported. System halted."