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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** @addtogroup main
  30.  * @{
  31.  */
  32.  
  33. /**
  34.  * @file
  35.  * @brief Main initialization kernel function for all processors.
  36.  *
  37.  * During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent
  38.  * initialization, start executing code found in this file. After
  39.  * bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().
  40.  *
  41.  * The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while
  42.  * the application processors start executing main_ap().
  43.  *
  44.  * @see scheduler()
  45.  * @see main_bsp()
  46.  * @see main_ap()
  47.  */
  48.  
  49. #include <arch/asm.h>
  50. #include <context.h>
  51. #include <print.h>
  52. #include <panic.h>
  53. #include <debug.h>
  54. #include <config.h>
  55. #include <time/clock.h>
  56. #include <time/timeout.h>
  57. #include <proc/scheduler.h>
  58. #include <proc/thread.h>
  59. #include <proc/task.h>
  60. #include <proc/tasklet.h>
  61. #include <main/kinit.h>
  62. #include <main/version.h>
  63. #include <console/kconsole.h>
  64. #include <console/console.h>
  65. #include <cpu.h>
  66. #include <align.h>
  67. #include <interrupt.h>
  68. #include <mm/frame.h>
  69. #include <mm/page.h>
  70. #include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
  71. #include <mm/tlb.h>
  72. #include <mm/as.h>
  73. #include <mm/slab.h>
  74. #include <synch/waitq.h>
  75. #include <synch/futex.h>
  76. #include <arch/arch.h>
  77. #include <arch.h>
  78. #include <arch/faddr.h>
  79. #include <ipc/ipc.h>
  80. #include <macros.h>
  81. #include <adt/btree.h>
  82. #include <smp/smp.h>
  83. #include <ddi/ddi.h>
  84. #include <main/main.h>
  85. #include <ipc/event.h>
  86.  
  87. /** Global configuration structure. */
  88. config_t config;
  89.  
  90. /** Initial user-space tasks */
  91. init_t init = {
  92.     .cnt = 0
  93. };
  94.  
  95. /** Boot allocations. */
  96. ballocs_t ballocs = {
  97.     .base = NULL,
  98.     .size = 0
  99. };
  100.  
  101. context_t ctx;
  102.  
  103. /*
  104.  * These 'hardcoded' variables will be intialized by
  105.  * the linker or the low level assembler code with
  106.  * appropriate sizes and addresses.
  107.  */
  108.  
  109. /** Virtual address of where the kernel is loaded. */
  110. uintptr_t hardcoded_load_address = 0;
  111. /** Size of the kernel code in bytes. */
  112. size_t hardcoded_ktext_size = 0;
  113. /** Size of the kernel data in bytes. */
  114. size_t hardcoded_kdata_size = 0;
  115. /** Lowest safe stack virtual address. */
  116. uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;      
  117.  
  118. /*
  119.  * These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the
  120.  * kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved
  121.  * space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated
  122.  * pop sequence otherwise.
  123.  */
  124. static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);
  125. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  126. static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);
  127. #endif
  128.  
  129. #define CONFIG_STACK_SIZE   ((1 << STACK_FRAMES) * STACK_SIZE)
  130.  
  131. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.
  132.  *
  133.  * The code here still runs on the boot stack, which knows nothing about
  134.  * preemption counts.  Because of that, this function cannot directly call
  135.  * functions that disable or enable preemption (e.g. spinlock_lock()). The
  136.  * primary task of this function is to calculate address of a new stack and
  137.  * switch to it.
  138.  *
  139.  * Assuming interrupts_disable().
  140.  *
  141.  */
  142. void main_bsp(void)
  143. {
  144.     config.cpu_count = 1;
  145.     config.cpu_active = 1;
  146.    
  147.     config.base = hardcoded_load_address;
  148.     config.kernel_size = ALIGN_UP(hardcoded_ktext_size +
  149.         hardcoded_kdata_size, PAGE_SIZE);
  150.     config.stack_size = CONFIG_STACK_SIZE;
  151.    
  152.     /* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */
  153.     config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;
  154.    
  155.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of init */
  156.     size_t i;
  157.     for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {
  158.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  159.             init.tasks[i].addr, init.tasks[i].size))
  160.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(init.tasks[i].addr +
  161.                 init.tasks[i].size, config.stack_size);
  162.     }
  163.  
  164.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */
  165.     if (ballocs.size) {
  166.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  167.             ballocs.base, ballocs.size))
  168.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +
  169.                 ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);
  170.     }
  171.    
  172.     if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)
  173.         config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);
  174.    
  175.     context_save(&ctx);
  176.     context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack), config.stack_base,
  177.         THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
  178.     context_restore(&ctx);
  179.     /* not reached */
  180. }
  181.  
  182.  
  183. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.
  184.  *
  185.  * Second part of main_bsp().
  186.  *
  187.  */
  188. void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)
  189. {
  190.     /* Keep this the first thing. */
  191.     the_initialize(THE);
  192.    
  193.     version_print();
  194.    
  195.     LOG("\nconfig.base=%#" PRIp " config.kernel_size=%" PRIs
  196.         "\nconfig.stack_base=%#" PRIp " config.stack_size=%" PRIs,
  197.         config.base, config.kernel_size, config.stack_base,
  198.         config.stack_size);
  199.    
  200. #ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE
  201.     /*
  202.      * kconsole data structures must be initialized very early
  203.      * because other subsystems will register their respective
  204.      * commands.
  205.      */
  206.     LOG_EXEC(kconsole_init());
  207. #endif
  208.    
  209.     /*
  210.      * Exception handler initialization, before architecture
  211.      * starts adding its own handlers
  212.      */
  213.     LOG_EXEC(exc_init());
  214.    
  215.     /*
  216.      * Memory management subsystems initialization.
  217.      */
  218.     LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_mm_init());
  219.     LOG_EXEC(frame_init());
  220.    
  221.     /* Initialize at least 1 memory segment big enough for slab to work. */
  222.     LOG_EXEC(slab_cache_init());
  223.     LOG_EXEC(btree_init());
  224.     LOG_EXEC(as_init());
  225.     LOG_EXEC(page_init());
  226.     LOG_EXEC(tlb_init());
  227.     LOG_EXEC(ddi_init());
  228.     LOG_EXEC(tasklet_init());
  229.     LOG_EXEC(arch_post_mm_init());
  230.     LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_smp_init());
  231.     LOG_EXEC(smp_init());
  232.    
  233.     /* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */
  234.     LOG_EXEC(slab_enable_cpucache());
  235.    
  236.     printf("Detected %" PRIs " CPU(s), %" PRIu64" MiB free memory\n",
  237.         config.cpu_count, SIZE2MB(zone_total_size()));
  238.    
  239.     LOG_EXEC(cpu_init());
  240.    
  241.     LOG_EXEC(calibrate_delay_loop());
  242.     LOG_EXEC(clock_counter_init());
  243.     LOG_EXEC(timeout_init());
  244.     LOG_EXEC(scheduler_init());
  245.     LOG_EXEC(task_init());
  246.     LOG_EXEC(thread_init());
  247.     LOG_EXEC(futex_init());
  248.    
  249.     if (init.cnt > 0) {
  250.         size_t i;
  251.         for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)
  252.             LOG("init[%" PRIs "].addr=%#" PRIp ", init[%" PRIs
  253.                 "].size=%#" PRIs, i, init.tasks[i].addr, i,
  254.                 init.tasks[i].size);
  255.     } else
  256.         printf("No init binaries found.\n");
  257.    
  258.     LOG_EXEC(ipc_init());
  259.     LOG_EXEC(event_init());
  260.     LOG_EXEC(klog_init());
  261.    
  262.     /*
  263.      * Create kernel task.
  264.      */
  265.     task_t *kernel = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");
  266.     if (!kernel)
  267.         panic("Cannot create kernel task.");
  268.    
  269.     /*
  270.      * Create the first thread.
  271.      */
  272.     thread_t *kinit_thread
  273.         = thread_create(kinit, NULL, kernel, 0, "kinit", true);
  274.     if (!kinit_thread)
  275.         panic("Cannot create kinit thread.");
  276.     LOG_EXEC(thread_ready(kinit_thread));
  277.    
  278.     /*
  279.      * This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,
  280.      * starting the thread of kernel threads.
  281.      */
  282.     scheduler();
  283.     /* not reached */
  284. }
  285.  
  286.  
  287. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  288. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.
  289.  *
  290.  * Executed by application processors, temporary stack
  291.  * is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.
  292.  * This function passes control directly to
  293.  * main_ap_separated_stack().
  294.  *
  295.  * Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.
  296.  *
  297.  */
  298. void main_ap(void)
  299. {
  300.     /*
  301.      * Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the
  302.      * *_init() functions can find out that they need to
  303.      * do initialization for AP only.
  304.      */
  305.     config.cpu_active++;
  306.  
  307.     /*
  308.      * The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.
  309.      */
  310.     the_initialize(THE);
  311.    
  312.     arch_pre_mm_init();
  313.     frame_init();
  314.     page_init();
  315.     tlb_init();
  316.     arch_post_mm_init();
  317.    
  318.     cpu_init();
  319.     calibrate_delay_loop();
  320.     arch_post_cpu_init();
  321.  
  322.     the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);
  323.  
  324.     /*
  325.      * If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could
  326.      * collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we
  327.      * switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.
  328.      */
  329.     context_save(&CPU->saved_context);
  330.     context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),
  331.         (uintptr_t) CPU->stack, CPU_STACK_SIZE);
  332.     context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);
  333.     /* not reached */
  334. }
  335.  
  336.  
  337. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.
  338.  *
  339.  * Second part of main_ap().
  340.  *
  341.  */
  342. void main_ap_separated_stack(void)
  343. {
  344.     /*
  345.      * Configure timeouts for this cpu.
  346.      */
  347.     timeout_init();
  348.  
  349.     waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
  350.     scheduler();
  351.     /* not reached */
  352. }
  353. #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
  354.  
  355. /** @}
  356.  */
  357.