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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (c) 2006 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** @addtogroup genericmm
  30.  * @{
  31.  */
  32.  
  33. /**
  34.  * @file
  35.  * @brief   Backend for anonymous memory address space areas.
  36.  *
  37.  */
  38.  
  39. #include <mm/as.h>
  40. #include <mm/page.h>
  41. #include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
  42. #include <genarch/mm/page_ht.h>
  43. #include <mm/frame.h>
  44. #include <mm/slab.h>
  45. #include <synch/mutex.h>
  46. #include <adt/list.h>
  47. #include <adt/btree.h>
  48. #include <errno.h>
  49. #include <arch/types.h>
  50. #include <align.h>
  51. #include <arch.h>
  52.  
  53. #ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_IDX_DCACHE
  54. #include <arch/mm/cache.h>
  55. #endif
  56.  
  57. static int anon_page_fault(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t addr, pf_access_t access);
  58. static void anon_frame_free(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t page, uintptr_t frame);
  59. static void anon_share(as_area_t *area);
  60.  
  61. mem_backend_t anon_backend = {
  62.     .page_fault = anon_page_fault,
  63.     .frame_free = anon_frame_free,
  64.     .share = anon_share
  65. };
  66.  
  67. /** Service a page fault in the anonymous memory address space area.
  68.  *
  69.  * The address space area and page tables must be already locked.
  70.  *
  71.  * @param area Pointer to the address space area.
  72.  * @param addr Faulting virtual address.
  73.  * @param access Access mode that caused the fault (i.e. read/write/exec).
  74.  *
  75.  * @return AS_PF_FAULT on failure (i.e. page fault) or AS_PF_OK on success (i.e.
  76.  *     serviced).
  77.  */
  78. int anon_page_fault(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t addr, pf_access_t access)
  79. {
  80.     uintptr_t frame;
  81.     bool dirty = false;
  82.  
  83.     if (!as_area_check_access(area, access))
  84.         return AS_PF_FAULT;
  85.  
  86.     if (area->sh_info) {
  87.         btree_node_t *leaf;
  88.        
  89.         /*
  90.          * The area is shared, chances are that the mapping can be found
  91.          * in the pagemap of the address space area share info
  92.          * structure.
  93.          * In the case that the pagemap does not contain the respective
  94.          * mapping, a new frame is allocated and the mapping is created.
  95.          */
  96.         mutex_lock(&area->sh_info->lock);
  97.         frame = (uintptr_t) btree_search(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
  98.             ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE) - area->base, &leaf);
  99.         if (!frame) {
  100.             bool allocate = true;
  101.             int i;
  102.            
  103.             /*
  104.              * Zero can be returned as a valid frame address.
  105.              * Just a small workaround.
  106.              */
  107.             for (i = 0; i < leaf->keys; i++) {
  108.                 if (leaf->key[i] ==
  109.                     ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE)) {
  110.                     allocate = false;
  111.                     break;
  112.                 }
  113.             }
  114.             if (allocate) {
  115.                 frame = (uintptr_t) frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, 0);
  116.                 memsetb(PA2KA(frame), FRAME_SIZE, 0);
  117.                 dirty = true;
  118.                
  119.                 /*
  120.                  * Insert the address of the newly allocated
  121.                  * frame to the pagemap.
  122.                  */
  123.                 btree_insert(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
  124.                     ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE) - area->base,
  125.                     (void *) frame, leaf);
  126.             }
  127.         }
  128.         frame_reference_add(ADDR2PFN(frame));
  129.         mutex_unlock(&area->sh_info->lock);
  130.     } else {
  131.  
  132.         /*
  133.          * In general, there can be several reasons that
  134.          * can have caused this fault.
  135.          *
  136.          * - non-existent mapping: the area is an anonymous
  137.          *   area (e.g. heap or stack) and so far has not been
  138.          *   allocated a frame for the faulting page
  139.          *
  140.          * - non-present mapping: another possibility,
  141.          *   currently not implemented, would be frame
  142.          *   reuse; when this becomes a possibility,
  143.          *   do not forget to distinguish between
  144.          *   the different causes
  145.          */
  146.         frame = (uintptr_t) frame_alloc(ONE_FRAME, 0);
  147.         memsetb(PA2KA(frame), FRAME_SIZE, 0);
  148.         dirty = true;
  149.     }
  150.    
  151.     /*
  152.      * Map 'page' to 'frame'.
  153.      * Note that TLB shootdown is not attempted as only new information is
  154.      * being inserted into page tables.
  155.      */
  156.     page_mapping_insert(AS, addr, frame, as_area_get_flags(area));
  157.     if (!used_space_insert(area, ALIGN_DOWN(addr, PAGE_SIZE), 1))
  158.         panic("Could not insert used space.\n");
  159.        
  160. #ifdef CONFIG_VIRT_IDX_DCACHE
  161.     if (dirty && PAGE_COLOR(PA2KA(frame)) != PAGE_COLOR(addr)) {
  162.         /*
  163.          * By writing to the frame using kernel virtual address,
  164.          * we have created an illegal virtual alias. We now have to
  165.          * invalidate cachelines belonging to addr on all processors
  166.          * so that they will be reloaded with the new content on next
  167.          * read.
  168.          */
  169.         dcache_flush_frame(addr, frame);
  170.         dcache_shootdown_start(DCACHE_INVL_FRAME, PAGE_COLOR(addr), frame);
  171.         dcache_shootdown_finalize();
  172.     }
  173. #endif
  174.  
  175.     return AS_PF_OK;
  176. }
  177.  
  178. /** Free a frame that is backed by the anonymous memory backend.
  179.  *
  180.  * The address space area and page tables must be already locked.
  181.  *
  182.  * @param area Ignored.
  183.  * @param page Virtual address of the page corresponding to the frame.
  184.  * @param frame Frame to be released.
  185.  */
  186. void anon_frame_free(as_area_t *area, uintptr_t page, uintptr_t frame)
  187. {
  188.     frame_free(frame);
  189. }
  190.  
  191. /** Share the anonymous address space area.
  192.  *
  193.  * Sharing of anonymous area is done by duplicating its entire mapping
  194.  * to the pagemap. Page faults will primarily search for frames there.
  195.  *
  196.  * The address space and address space area must be already locked.
  197.  *
  198.  * @param area Address space area to be shared.
  199.  */
  200. void anon_share(as_area_t *area)
  201. {
  202.     link_t *cur;
  203.  
  204.     /*
  205.      * Copy used portions of the area to sh_info's page map.
  206.      */
  207.     mutex_lock(&area->sh_info->lock);
  208.     for (cur = area->used_space.leaf_head.next;
  209.         cur != &area->used_space.leaf_head; cur = cur->next) {
  210.         btree_node_t *node;
  211.         int i;
  212.        
  213.         node = list_get_instance(cur, btree_node_t, leaf_link);
  214.         for (i = 0; i < node->keys; i++) {
  215.             uintptr_t base = node->key[i];
  216.             count_t count = (count_t) node->value[i];
  217.             int j;
  218.            
  219.             for (j = 0; j < count; j++) {
  220.                 pte_t *pte;
  221.            
  222.                 page_table_lock(area->as, false);
  223.                 pte = page_mapping_find(area->as,
  224.                     base + j * PAGE_SIZE);
  225.                 ASSERT(pte && PTE_VALID(pte) &&
  226.                     PTE_PRESENT(pte));
  227.                 btree_insert(&area->sh_info->pagemap,
  228.                     (base + j * PAGE_SIZE) - area->base,
  229.                     (void *) PTE_GET_FRAME(pte), NULL);
  230.                 page_table_unlock(area->as, false);
  231.  
  232.                 pfn_t pfn = ADDR2PFN(PTE_GET_FRAME(pte));
  233.                 frame_reference_add(pfn);
  234.             }
  235.  
  236.         }
  237.     }
  238.     mutex_unlock(&area->sh_info->lock);
  239. }
  240.  
  241. /** @}
  242.  */
  243.  
  244.