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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** @addtogroup main
  30.  * @{
  31.  */
  32.  
  33. /**
  34.  * @file
  35.  * @brief   Main initialization kernel function for all processors.
  36.  *
  37.  * During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent
  38.  * initialization, start executing code found in this file. After
  39.  * bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().
  40.  *
  41.  * The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while
  42.  * the application processors start executing main_ap().
  43.  *
  44.  * @see scheduler()
  45.  * @see main_bsp()
  46.  * @see main_ap()
  47.  */
  48.  
  49. #include <arch/asm.h>
  50. #include <context.h>
  51. #include <print.h>
  52. #include <panic.h>
  53. #include <debug.h>
  54. #include <config.h>
  55. #include <time/clock.h>
  56. #include <time/timeout.h>
  57. #include <proc/scheduler.h>
  58. #include <proc/thread.h>
  59. #include <proc/task.h>
  60. #include <main/kinit.h>
  61. #include <main/version.h>
  62. #include <console/kconsole.h>
  63. #include <cpu.h>
  64. #include <align.h>
  65. #include <interrupt.h>
  66. #include <mm/frame.h>
  67. #include <mm/page.h>
  68. #include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
  69. #include <mm/tlb.h>
  70. #include <mm/as.h>
  71. #include <mm/slab.h>
  72. #include <synch/waitq.h>
  73. #include <synch/futex.h>
  74. #include <arch/arch.h>
  75. #include <arch.h>
  76. #include <arch/faddr.h>
  77. #include <ipc/ipc.h>
  78. #include <macros.h>
  79. #include <adt/btree.h>
  80. #include <console/klog.h>
  81. #include <smp/smp.h>
  82. #include <ddi/ddi.h>
  83.  
  84. /** Global configuration structure. */
  85. config_t config;
  86.  
  87. /** Initial user-space tasks */
  88. init_t init = {
  89.     0
  90. };
  91.  
  92. /** Boot allocations. */
  93. ballocs_t ballocs = {
  94.     .base = NULL,
  95.     .size = 0
  96. };
  97.  
  98. context_t ctx;
  99.  
  100. /*
  101.  * These 'hardcoded' variables will be intialized by
  102.  * the linker or the low level assembler code with
  103.  * appropriate sizes and addresses.
  104.  */
  105. uintptr_t hardcoded_load_address = 0;   /**< Virtual address of where the kernel
  106.                       *  is loaded. */
  107. size_t hardcoded_ktext_size = 0;    /**< Size of the kernel code in bytes.
  108.                       */
  109. size_t hardcoded_kdata_size = 0;    /**< Size of the kernel data in bytes.
  110.                      */
  111. uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;       /**< Lowest safe stack virtual address.
  112.                       */
  113.  
  114. void main_bsp(void);
  115. void main_ap(void);
  116.  
  117. /*
  118.  * These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the
  119.  * kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved
  120.  * space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated
  121.  * pop sequence otherwise.
  122.  */
  123. static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);
  124. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  125. static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);
  126. #endif
  127.  
  128. #define CONFIG_STACK_SIZE   ((1 << STACK_FRAMES) * STACK_SIZE)
  129.  
  130. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.
  131.  *
  132.  * Initializes the kernel by bootstrap CPU.
  133.  * This function passes control directly to
  134.  * main_bsp_separated_stack().
  135.  *
  136.  * Assuming interrupts_disable().
  137.  *
  138.  */
  139. void main_bsp(void)
  140. {
  141.     config.cpu_count = 1;
  142.     config.cpu_active = 1;
  143.    
  144.     config.base = hardcoded_load_address;
  145.     config.kernel_size = ALIGN_UP(hardcoded_ktext_size +
  146.         hardcoded_kdata_size, PAGE_SIZE);
  147.     config.stack_size = CONFIG_STACK_SIZE;
  148.    
  149.     /* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */
  150.     config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;
  151.    
  152.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of init */
  153.     count_t i;
  154.     for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {
  155.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  156.             init.tasks[i].addr, init.tasks[i].size))
  157.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(init.tasks[i].addr +
  158.                 init.tasks[i].size, config.stack_size);
  159.     }
  160.  
  161.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */
  162.     if (ballocs.size) {
  163.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  164.             ballocs.base, ballocs.size))
  165.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +
  166.                 ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);
  167.     }
  168.    
  169.     if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)
  170.         config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);
  171.    
  172.     context_save(&ctx);
  173.     context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack), config.stack_base,
  174.         THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
  175.     context_restore(&ctx);
  176.     /* not reached */
  177. }
  178.  
  179.  
  180. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.
  181.  *
  182.  * Second part of main_bsp().
  183.  *
  184.  */
  185. void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)
  186. {
  187.     task_t *k;
  188.     thread_t *t;
  189.     count_t i;
  190.    
  191.     the_initialize(THE);
  192.  
  193.     /*
  194.      * kconsole data structures must be initialized very early
  195.      * because other subsystems will register their respective
  196.      * commands.
  197.      */
  198.     kconsole_init();
  199.    
  200.     /*
  201.      * Exception handler initialization, before architecture
  202.      * starts adding its own handlers
  203.      */
  204.     exc_init();
  205.  
  206.     /*
  207.      * Memory management subsystems initialization.
  208.      */
  209.     arch_pre_mm_init();
  210.     frame_init();      
  211.     /* Initialize at least 1 memory segment big enough for slab to work. */
  212.     slab_cache_init();
  213.     btree_init();
  214.     as_init();
  215.     page_init();
  216.     tlb_init();
  217.     ddi_init();
  218.     arch_post_mm_init();
  219.    
  220.     version_print();
  221.     printf("kernel: %.*p hardcoded_ktext_size=%zd KB, "
  222.         "hardcoded_kdata_size=%zd KB\n", sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2,
  223.         config.base, SIZE2KB(hardcoded_ktext_size),
  224.         SIZE2KB(hardcoded_kdata_size));
  225.     printf("stack:  %.*p size=%zd KB\n", sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2,
  226.         config.stack_base, SIZE2KB(config.stack_size));
  227.    
  228.     arch_pre_smp_init();
  229.     smp_init();
  230.     /* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */
  231.     slab_enable_cpucache();
  232.    
  233.     printf("Detected %zu CPU(s), %llu MB free memory\n",
  234.         config.cpu_count, SIZE2MB(zone_total_size()));
  235.     cpu_init();
  236.    
  237.     calibrate_delay_loop();
  238.     clock_counter_init();
  239.     timeout_init();
  240.     scheduler_init();
  241.     task_init();
  242.     thread_init();
  243.     futex_init();
  244.     klog_init();
  245.    
  246.     if (init.cnt > 0) {
  247.         for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)
  248.             printf("init[%zd].addr=%.*p, init[%zd].size=%zd\n", i,
  249.                 sizeof(uintptr_t) * 2, init.tasks[i].addr, i,
  250.                 init.tasks[i].size);
  251.     } else
  252.         printf("No init binaries found\n");
  253.    
  254.     ipc_init();
  255.  
  256.     /*
  257.      * Create kernel task.
  258.      */
  259.     k = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");
  260.     if (!k)
  261.         panic("can't create kernel task\n");
  262.    
  263.     /*
  264.      * Create the first thread.
  265.      */
  266.     t = thread_create(kinit, NULL, k, 0, "kinit", true);
  267.     if (!t)
  268.         panic("can't create kinit thread\n");
  269.     thread_ready(t);
  270.    
  271.     /*
  272.      * This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,
  273.      * starting the thread of kernel threads.
  274.      */
  275.     scheduler();
  276.     /* not reached */
  277. }
  278.  
  279.  
  280. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  281. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.
  282.  *
  283.  * Executed by application processors, temporary stack
  284.  * is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.
  285.  * This function passes control directly to
  286.  * main_ap_separated_stack().
  287.  *
  288.  * Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.
  289.  *
  290.  */
  291. void main_ap(void)
  292. {
  293.     /*
  294.      * Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the
  295.      * *_init() functions can find out that they need to
  296.      * do initialization for AP only.
  297.      */
  298.     config.cpu_active++;
  299.  
  300.     /*
  301.      * The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.
  302.      */
  303.     the_initialize(THE);
  304.    
  305.     arch_pre_mm_init();
  306.     frame_init();
  307.     page_init();
  308.     tlb_init();
  309.     arch_post_mm_init();
  310.    
  311.     cpu_init();
  312.     calibrate_delay_loop();
  313.     arch_post_cpu_init();
  314.  
  315.     the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);
  316.  
  317.     /*
  318.      * If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could
  319.      * collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we
  320.      * switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.
  321.      */
  322.     context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),
  323.         (uintptr_t) CPU->stack, CPU_STACK_SIZE);
  324.     context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);
  325.     /* not reached */
  326. }
  327.  
  328.  
  329. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.
  330.  *
  331.  * Second part of main_ap().
  332.  *
  333.  */
  334. void main_ap_separated_stack(void)
  335. {
  336.     /*
  337.      * Configure timeouts for this cpu.
  338.      */
  339.     timeout_init();
  340.  
  341.     waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
  342.     scheduler();
  343.     /* not reached */
  344. }
  345. #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
  346.  
  347. /** @}
  348.  */
  349.