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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** @addtogroup main
  30.  * @{
  31.  */
  32.  
  33. /**
  34.  * @file
  35.  * @brief   Main initialization kernel function for all processors.
  36.  *
  37.  * During kernel boot, all processors, after architecture dependent
  38.  * initialization, start executing code found in this file. After
  39.  * bringing up all subsystems, control is passed to scheduler().
  40.  *
  41.  * The bootstrap processor starts executing main_bsp() while
  42.  * the application processors start executing main_ap().
  43.  *
  44.  * @see scheduler()
  45.  * @see main_bsp()
  46.  * @see main_ap()
  47.  */
  48.  
  49. #include <arch/asm.h>
  50. #include <context.h>
  51. #include <print.h>
  52. #include <panic.h>
  53. #include <debug.h>
  54. #include <config.h>
  55. #include <time/clock.h>
  56. #include <time/timeout.h>
  57. #include <proc/scheduler.h>
  58. #include <proc/thread.h>
  59. #include <proc/task.h>
  60. #include <proc/tasklet.h>
  61. #include <main/kinit.h>
  62. #include <main/version.h>
  63. #include <console/kconsole.h>
  64. #include <console/console.h>
  65. #include <cpu.h>
  66. #include <align.h>
  67. #include <interrupt.h>
  68. #include <mm/frame.h>
  69. #include <mm/page.h>
  70. #include <genarch/mm/page_pt.h>
  71. #include <mm/tlb.h>
  72. #include <mm/as.h>
  73. #include <mm/slab.h>
  74. #include <synch/waitq.h>
  75. #include <synch/futex.h>
  76. #include <arch/arch.h>
  77. #include <arch.h>
  78. #include <arch/faddr.h>
  79. #include <ipc/ipc.h>
  80. #include <macros.h>
  81. #include <adt/btree.h>
  82. #include <smp/smp.h>
  83. #include <ddi/ddi.h>
  84. #include <main/main.h>
  85.  
  86. /** Global configuration structure. */
  87. config_t config;
  88.  
  89. /** Initial user-space tasks */
  90. init_t init = {
  91.     .cnt = 0
  92. };
  93.  
  94. /** Boot allocations. */
  95. ballocs_t ballocs = {
  96.     .base = NULL,
  97.     .size = 0
  98. };
  99.  
  100. context_t ctx;
  101.  
  102. /*
  103.  * These 'hardcoded' variables will be intialized by
  104.  * the linker or the low level assembler code with
  105.  * appropriate sizes and addresses.
  106.  */
  107.  
  108. /** Virtual address of where the kernel is loaded. */
  109. uintptr_t hardcoded_load_address = 0;
  110. /** Size of the kernel code in bytes. */
  111. size_t hardcoded_ktext_size = 0;
  112. /** Size of the kernel data in bytes. */
  113. size_t hardcoded_kdata_size = 0;
  114. /** Lowest safe stack virtual address. */
  115. uintptr_t stack_safe = 0;      
  116.  
  117. /*
  118.  * These two functions prevent stack from underflowing during the
  119.  * kernel boot phase when SP is set to the very top of the reserved
  120.  * space. The stack could get corrupted by a fooled compiler-generated
  121.  * pop sequence otherwise.
  122.  */
  123. static void main_bsp_separated_stack(void);
  124. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  125. static void main_ap_separated_stack(void);
  126. #endif
  127.  
  128. #define CONFIG_STACK_SIZE   ((1 << STACK_FRAMES) * STACK_SIZE)
  129.  
  130. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU.
  131.  *
  132.  * The code here still runs on the boot stack, which knows nothing about
  133.  * preemption counts.  Because of that, this function cannot directly call
  134.  * functions that disable or enable preemption (e.g. spinlock_lock()). The
  135.  * primary task of this function is to calculate address of a new stack and
  136.  * switch to it.
  137.  *
  138.  * Assuming interrupts_disable().
  139.  *
  140.  */
  141. void main_bsp(void)
  142. {
  143.     config.cpu_count = 1;
  144.     config.cpu_active = 1;
  145.    
  146.     config.base = hardcoded_load_address;
  147.     config.kernel_size = ALIGN_UP(hardcoded_ktext_size +
  148.         hardcoded_kdata_size, PAGE_SIZE);
  149.     config.stack_size = CONFIG_STACK_SIZE;
  150.    
  151.     /* Initialy the stack is placed just after the kernel */
  152.     config.stack_base = config.base + config.kernel_size;
  153.    
  154.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of init */
  155.     count_t i;
  156.     for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++) {
  157.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  158.             init.tasks[i].addr, init.tasks[i].size))
  159.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(init.tasks[i].addr +
  160.                 init.tasks[i].size, config.stack_size);
  161.     }
  162.  
  163.     /* Avoid placing stack on top of boot allocations. */
  164.     if (ballocs.size) {
  165.         if (PA_overlaps(config.stack_base, config.stack_size,
  166.             ballocs.base, ballocs.size))
  167.             config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(ballocs.base +
  168.                 ballocs.size, PAGE_SIZE);
  169.     }
  170.    
  171.     if (config.stack_base < stack_safe)
  172.         config.stack_base = ALIGN_UP(stack_safe, PAGE_SIZE);
  173.    
  174.     context_save(&ctx);
  175.     context_set(&ctx, FADDR(main_bsp_separated_stack), config.stack_base,
  176.         THREAD_STACK_SIZE);
  177.     context_restore(&ctx);
  178.     /* not reached */
  179. }
  180.  
  181.  
  182. /** Main kernel routine for bootstrap CPU using new stack.
  183.  *
  184.  * Second part of main_bsp().
  185.  *
  186.  */
  187. void main_bsp_separated_stack(void)
  188. {
  189.     /* Keep this the first thing. */
  190.     the_initialize(THE);
  191.    
  192.     version_print();
  193.    
  194.     LOG("\nconfig.base=%#" PRIp " config.kernel_size=%" PRIs
  195.         "\nconfig.stack_base=%#" PRIp " config.stack_size=%" PRIs,
  196.         config.base, config.kernel_size, config.stack_base,
  197.         config.stack_size);
  198.    
  199. #ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE
  200.     /*
  201.      * kconsole data structures must be initialized very early
  202.      * because other subsystems will register their respective
  203.      * commands.
  204.      */
  205.     LOG_EXEC(kconsole_init());
  206. #endif
  207.    
  208.     /*
  209.      * Exception handler initialization, before architecture
  210.      * starts adding its own handlers
  211.      */
  212.     LOG_EXEC(exc_init());
  213.    
  214.     /*
  215.      * Memory management subsystems initialization.
  216.      */
  217.     LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_mm_init());
  218.     LOG_EXEC(frame_init());
  219.    
  220.     /* Initialize at least 1 memory segment big enough for slab to work. */
  221.     LOG_EXEC(slab_cache_init());
  222.     LOG_EXEC(btree_init());
  223.     LOG_EXEC(as_init());
  224.     LOG_EXEC(page_init());
  225.     LOG_EXEC(tlb_init());
  226.     LOG_EXEC(ddi_init());
  227.     LOG_EXEC(tasklet_init());
  228.     LOG_EXEC(arch_post_mm_init());
  229.     LOG_EXEC(arch_pre_smp_init());
  230.     LOG_EXEC(smp_init());
  231.    
  232.     /* Slab must be initialized after we know the number of processors. */
  233.     LOG_EXEC(slab_enable_cpucache());
  234.    
  235.     printf("Detected %" PRIc " CPU(s), %" PRIu64" MiB free memory\n",
  236.         config.cpu_count, SIZE2MB(zone_total_size()));
  237.    
  238.     LOG_EXEC(cpu_init());
  239.    
  240.     LOG_EXEC(calibrate_delay_loop());
  241.     LOG_EXEC(clock_counter_init());
  242.     LOG_EXEC(timeout_init());
  243.     LOG_EXEC(scheduler_init());
  244.     LOG_EXEC(task_init());
  245.     LOG_EXEC(thread_init());
  246.     LOG_EXEC(futex_init());
  247.    
  248.     if (init.cnt > 0) {
  249.         count_t i;
  250.         for (i = 0; i < init.cnt; i++)
  251.             LOG("init[%" PRIc "].addr=%#" PRIp ", init[%" PRIc
  252.                 "].size=%#" PRIs "\n", i, init.tasks[i].addr, i,
  253.                 init.tasks[i].size);
  254.     } else
  255.         printf("No init binaries found\n");
  256.    
  257.     LOG_EXEC(ipc_init());
  258.     LOG_EXEC(klog_init());
  259.    
  260. #ifdef CONFIG_KCONSOLE
  261.     LOG_EXEC(kconsole_notify_init());
  262. #endif
  263.    
  264.     /*
  265.      * Create kernel task.
  266.      */
  267.     task_t *kernel = task_create(AS_KERNEL, "kernel");
  268.     if (!kernel)
  269.         panic("Cannot create kernel task.");
  270.    
  271.     /*
  272.      * Create the first thread.
  273.      */
  274.     thread_t *kinit_thread
  275.         = thread_create(kinit, NULL, kernel, 0, "kinit", true);
  276.     if (!kinit_thread)
  277.         panic("Cannot create kinit thread.");
  278.     LOG_EXEC(thread_ready(kinit_thread));
  279.    
  280.     /*
  281.      * This call to scheduler() will return to kinit,
  282.      * starting the thread of kernel threads.
  283.      */
  284.     scheduler();
  285.     /* not reached */
  286. }
  287.  
  288.  
  289. #ifdef CONFIG_SMP
  290. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs.
  291.  *
  292.  * Executed by application processors, temporary stack
  293.  * is at ctx.sp which was set during BSP boot.
  294.  * This function passes control directly to
  295.  * main_ap_separated_stack().
  296.  *
  297.  * Assuming interrupts_disable()'d.
  298.  *
  299.  */
  300. void main_ap(void)
  301. {
  302.     /*
  303.      * Incrementing the active CPU counter will guarantee that the
  304.      * *_init() functions can find out that they need to
  305.      * do initialization for AP only.
  306.      */
  307.     config.cpu_active++;
  308.  
  309.     /*
  310.      * The THE structure is well defined because ctx.sp is used as stack.
  311.      */
  312.     the_initialize(THE);
  313.    
  314.     arch_pre_mm_init();
  315.     frame_init();
  316.     page_init();
  317.     tlb_init();
  318.     arch_post_mm_init();
  319.    
  320.     cpu_init();
  321.     calibrate_delay_loop();
  322.     arch_post_cpu_init();
  323.  
  324.     the_copy(THE, (the_t *) CPU->stack);
  325.  
  326.     /*
  327.      * If we woke kmp up before we left the kernel stack, we could
  328.      * collide with another CPU coming up. To prevent this, we
  329.      * switch to this cpu's private stack prior to waking kmp up.
  330.      */
  331.     context_save(&CPU->saved_context);
  332.     context_set(&CPU->saved_context, FADDR(main_ap_separated_stack),
  333.         (uintptr_t) CPU->stack, CPU_STACK_SIZE);
  334.     context_restore(&CPU->saved_context);
  335.     /* not reached */
  336. }
  337.  
  338.  
  339. /** Main kernel routine for application CPUs using new stack.
  340.  *
  341.  * Second part of main_ap().
  342.  *
  343.  */
  344. void main_ap_separated_stack(void)
  345. {
  346.     /*
  347.      * Configure timeouts for this cpu.
  348.      */
  349.     timeout_init();
  350.  
  351.     waitq_wakeup(&ap_completion_wq, WAKEUP_FIRST);
  352.     scheduler();
  353.     /* not reached */
  354. }
  355. #endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
  356.  
  357. /** @}
  358.  */
  359.