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  1. /*
  2.  * Copyright (c) 2001-2004 Jakub Jermar
  3.  * All rights reserved.
  4.  *
  5.  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  6.  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
  7.  * are met:
  8.  *
  9.  * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
  10.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  11.  * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
  12.  *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
  13.  *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
  14.  * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
  15.  *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
  16.  *
  17.  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
  18.  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
  19.  * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
  20.  * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
  21.  * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
  22.  * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  23.  * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  24.  * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  25.  * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  26.  * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  27.  */
  28.  
  29. /** @addtogroup ia32   
  30.  * @{
  31.  */
  32. /** @file
  33.  */
  34.  
  35. #include <arch/pm.h>
  36. #include <config.h>
  37. #include <arch/types.h>
  38. #include <arch/interrupt.h>
  39. #include <arch/asm.h>
  40. #include <arch/context.h>
  41. #include <panic.h>
  42. #include <arch/mm/page.h>
  43. #include <mm/slab.h>
  44. #include <memstr.h>
  45. #include <arch/boot/boot.h>
  46. #include <interrupt.h>
  47.  
  48. /*
  49.  * Early ia32 configuration functions and data structures.
  50.  */
  51.  
  52. /*
  53.  * We have no use for segmentation so we set up flat mode. In this
  54.  * mode, we use, for each privilege level, two segments spanning the
  55.  * whole memory. One is for code and one is for data.
  56.  *
  57.  * One is for GS register which holds pointer to the TLS thread
  58.  * structure in it's base.
  59.  */
  60. descriptor_t gdt[GDT_ITEMS] = {
  61.     /* NULL descriptor */
  62.     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
  63.     /* KTEXT descriptor */
  64.     { 0xffff, 0, 0, AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_KERNEL, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
  65.     /* KDATA descriptor */
  66.     { 0xffff, 0, 0, AR_PRESENT | AR_DATA | AR_WRITABLE | DPL_KERNEL, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
  67.     /* UTEXT descriptor */
  68.     { 0xffff, 0, 0, AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_USER, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
  69.     /* UDATA descriptor */
  70.     { 0xffff, 0, 0, AR_PRESENT | AR_DATA | AR_WRITABLE | DPL_USER, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
  71.     /* TSS descriptor - set up will be completed later */
  72.     { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
  73.     /* TLS descriptor */
  74.     { 0xffff, 0, 0, AR_PRESENT | AR_DATA | AR_WRITABLE | DPL_USER, 0xf, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 },
  75.     /* VESA Init descriptor */
  76. #ifdef CONFIG_FB
  77.     { 0xffff, 0, VESA_INIT_SEGMENT>>12, AR_PRESENT | AR_CODE | DPL_KERNEL, 0xf, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 }
  78. #endif 
  79. };
  80.  
  81. static idescriptor_t idt[IDT_ITEMS];
  82.  
  83. static tss_t tss;
  84.  
  85. tss_t *tss_p = NULL;
  86.  
  87. /* gdtr is changed by kmp before next CPU is initialized */
  88. ptr_16_32_t bootstrap_gdtr = { .limit = sizeof(gdt), .base = KA2PA((uintptr_t) gdt) };
  89. ptr_16_32_t gdtr = { .limit = sizeof(gdt), .base = (uintptr_t) gdt };
  90.  
  91. void gdt_setbase(descriptor_t *d, uintptr_t base)
  92. {
  93.     d->base_0_15 = base & 0xffff;
  94.     d->base_16_23 = ((base) >> 16) & 0xff;
  95.     d->base_24_31 = ((base) >> 24) & 0xff;
  96. }
  97.  
  98. void gdt_setlimit(descriptor_t *d, uint32_t limit)
  99. {
  100.     d->limit_0_15 = limit & 0xffff;
  101.     d->limit_16_19 = (limit >> 16) & 0xf;
  102. }
  103.  
  104. void idt_setoffset(idescriptor_t *d, uintptr_t offset)
  105. {
  106.     /*
  107.      * Offset is a linear address.
  108.      */
  109.     d->offset_0_15 = offset & 0xffff;
  110.     d->offset_16_31 = offset >> 16;
  111. }
  112.  
  113. void tss_initialize(tss_t *t)
  114. {
  115.     memsetb((uintptr_t) t, sizeof(struct tss), 0);
  116. }
  117.  
  118. /*
  119.  * This function takes care of proper setup of IDT and IDTR.
  120.  */
  121. void idt_init(void)
  122. {
  123.     idescriptor_t *d;
  124.     unsigned int i;
  125.  
  126.     for (i = 0; i < IDT_ITEMS; i++) {
  127.         d = &idt[i];
  128.  
  129.         d->unused = 0;
  130.         d->selector = selector(KTEXT_DES);
  131.  
  132.         d->access = AR_PRESENT | AR_INTERRUPT;  /* masking interrupt */
  133.  
  134.         if (i == VECTOR_SYSCALL || i == VECTOR_BREAKPOINT) {
  135.             /*
  136.              * The syscall interrupt gate must be calleable from
  137.              * userland. The same for breakpoint gate.
  138.              */
  139.             d->access |= DPL_USER;
  140.         }
  141.        
  142.         idt_setoffset(d, ((uintptr_t) interrupt_handlers) +
  143.             i * interrupt_handler_size);
  144.     }
  145. }
  146.  
  147.  
  148. /* Clean IOPL(12,13) and NT(14) flags in EFLAGS register */
  149. static void clean_IOPL_NT_flags(void)
  150. {
  151.     asm volatile (
  152.         "pushfl\n"
  153.         "pop %%eax\n"
  154.         "and $0xffff8fff, %%eax\n"
  155.         "push %%eax\n"
  156.         "popfl\n"
  157.         : : : "eax"
  158.     );
  159. }
  160.  
  161. /* Clean AM(18) flag in CR0 register */
  162. static void clean_AM_flag(void)
  163. {
  164.     asm volatile (
  165.         "mov %%cr0, %%eax\n"
  166.         "and $0xfffbffff, %%eax\n"
  167.         "mov %%eax, %%cr0\n"
  168.         : : : "eax"
  169.     );
  170. }
  171.  
  172. void pm_init(void)
  173. {
  174.     descriptor_t *gdt_p = (descriptor_t *) gdtr.base;
  175.     ptr_16_32_t idtr;
  176.  
  177.     /*
  178.      * Update addresses in GDT and IDT to their virtual counterparts.
  179.      */
  180.     idtr.limit = sizeof(idt);
  181.     idtr.base = (uintptr_t) idt;
  182.     gdtr_load(&gdtr);
  183.     idtr_load(&idtr);
  184.    
  185.     /*
  186.      * Each CPU has its private GDT and TSS.
  187.      * All CPUs share one IDT.
  188.      */
  189.  
  190.     if (config.cpu_active == 1) {
  191.         idt_init();
  192.         /*
  193.          * NOTE: bootstrap CPU has statically allocated TSS, because
  194.          * the heap hasn't been initialized so far.
  195.          */
  196.         tss_p = &tss;
  197.     }
  198.     else {
  199.         tss_p = (tss_t *) malloc(sizeof(tss_t), FRAME_ATOMIC);
  200.         if (!tss_p)
  201.             panic("could not allocate TSS\n");
  202.     }
  203.  
  204.     tss_initialize(tss_p);
  205.    
  206.     gdt_p[TSS_DES].access = AR_PRESENT | AR_TSS | DPL_KERNEL;
  207.     gdt_p[TSS_DES].special = 1;
  208.     gdt_p[TSS_DES].granularity = 0;
  209.    
  210.     gdt_setbase(&gdt_p[TSS_DES], (uintptr_t) tss_p);
  211.     gdt_setlimit(&gdt_p[TSS_DES], TSS_BASIC_SIZE - 1);
  212.  
  213.     /*
  214.      * As of this moment, the current CPU has its own GDT pointing
  215.      * to its own TSS. We just need to load the TR register.
  216.      */
  217.     tr_load(selector(TSS_DES));
  218.    
  219.     clean_IOPL_NT_flags();    /* Disable I/O on nonprivileged levels and clear NT flag. */
  220.     clean_AM_flag();          /* Disable alignment check */
  221. }
  222.  
  223. void set_tls_desc(uintptr_t tls)
  224. {
  225.     ptr_16_32_t cpugdtr;
  226.     descriptor_t *gdt_p;
  227.  
  228.     gdtr_store(&cpugdtr);
  229.     gdt_p = (descriptor_t *) cpugdtr.base;
  230.     gdt_setbase(&gdt_p[TLS_DES], tls);
  231.     /* Reload gdt register to update GS in CPU */
  232.     gdtr_load(&cpugdtr);
  233. }
  234.  
  235. /* Reboot the machine by initiating
  236.  * a triple fault
  237.  */
  238. void arch_reboot(void)
  239. {
  240.     preemption_disable();
  241.     ipl_t ipl = interrupts_disable();
  242.    
  243.     memsetb((uintptr_t) idt, sizeof(idt), 0);
  244.    
  245.     ptr_16_32_t idtr;
  246.     idtr.limit = sizeof(idt);
  247.     idtr.base = (uintptr_t) idt;
  248.     idtr_load(&idtr);
  249.    
  250.     interrupts_restore(ipl);
  251.     asm volatile (
  252.         "int $0x03\n"
  253.         "cli\n"
  254.         "hlt\n"
  255.     );
  256. }
  257.  
  258. /** @}
  259.  */
  260.