Subversion Repositories HelenOS

.\"	$NetBSD: echo.1,v 1.9 1999/03/22 18:30:47 garbled Exp $

.\"	$NetBSD: echo.1,v 1.9 1999/03/22 18:30:47 garbled Exp $

.\"

.\"

.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993

.\" Copyright (c) 1991, 1993

.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

.\"	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.

.\"

.\"

.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by

.\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by

.\" Kenneth Almquist.

.\" Kenneth Almquist.

.\" Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Almquist

.\" Copyright 1989 by Kenneth Almquist

.\"

.\"

.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

.\" are met:

.\" are met:

.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

.\"    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

.\"    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software

.\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software

.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:

.\"    must display the following acknowledgement:

.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of

.\"	This product includes software developed by the University of

.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.

.\"	California, Berkeley and its contributors.

.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors

.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors

.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software

.\"    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software

.\"    without specific prior written permission.

.\"    without specific prior written permission.

.\"

.\"

.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND

.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND

.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE

.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE

.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE

.\" ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE

.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL

.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS

.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS

.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)

.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)

.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT

.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT

.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY

.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY

.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF

.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF

.\" SUCH DAMAGE.

.\" SUCH DAMAGE.

.\"

.\"

.\"	@(#)echo.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93

.\"	@(#)echo.1	8.1 (Berkeley) 5/31/93

.\"

.\"

.Dd May 31, 1993

.Dd May 31, 1993

.Dt ECHO 1

.Dt ECHO 1

.Os

.Os

.Sh NAME

.Sh NAME

.Nm echo

.Nm echo

.Nd produce message in a shell script

.Nd produce message in a shell script

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Sh SYNOPSIS

.Nm

.Nm

.Op Fl n | Fl e

.Op Fl n | Fl e

.Ar args... 

.Ar args... 

.Sh DESCRIPTION

.Sh DESCRIPTION

.Nm

.Nm

prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces.

prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces.

Unless the

Unless the

.Fl n

.Fl n

option is present, a newline is output following the arguments.

option is present, a newline is output following the arguments.

The

The

.Fl e

.Fl e

option causes

option causes

.Nm

.Nm

to treat the escape sequences specially, as described in the following

to treat the escape sequences specially, as described in the following

paragraph.

paragraph.

The

The

.Fl e

.Fl e

option is the default, and is provided solely for compatibility with

option is the default, and is provided solely for compatibility with

other systems.

other systems.

Only one of the options

Only one of the options

.Fl n

.Fl n

and

and

.Fl e

.Fl e

may be given.

may be given.

.Pp

.Pp

If any of the following sequences of characters is encountered during

If any of the following sequences of characters is encountered during

output, the sequence is not output.  Instead, the specified action is

output, the sequence is not output.  Instead, the specified action is

performed:

performed:

.Bl -tag -width indent

.Bl -tag -width indent

.It Li \eb

.It Li \eb

A backspace character is output.

A backspace character is output.

.It Li \ec

.It Li \ec

Subsequent output is suppressed.  This is normally used at the end of the

Subsequent output is suppressed.  This is normally used at the end of the

last argument to suppress the trailing newline that

last argument to suppress the trailing newline that

.Nm

.Nm

would otherwise output.

would otherwise output.

.It Li \ef

.It Li \ef

Output a form feed.

Output a form feed.

.It Li \en

.It Li \en

Output a newline character.

Output a newline character.

.It Li \er

.It Li \er

Output a carriage return.

Output a carriage return.

.It Li \et

.It Li \et

Output a (horizontal) tab character.

Output a (horizontal) tab character.

.It Li \ev

.It Li \ev

Output a vertical tab.

Output a vertical tab.

.It Li \e0 Ns Ar digits

.It Li \e0 Ns Ar digits

Output the character whose value is given by zero to three digits.

Output the character whose value is given by zero to three digits.

If there are zero digits, a nul character is output.

If there are zero digits, a nul character is output.

.It Li \e\e

.It Li \e\e

Output a backslash.

Output a backslash.

.El

.El

.Sh HINTS

.Sh HINTS

Remember that backslash is special to the shell and needs to be escaped.

Remember that backslash is special to the shell and needs to be escaped.

To output a message to standard error, say

To output a message to standard error, say

.Pp

.Pp

.D1  echo message >&2

.D1  echo message >&2

.Sh BUGS

.Sh BUGS

The octal character escape mechanism

The octal character escape mechanism

.Pq Li \e0 Ns Ar digits

.Pq Li \e0 Ns Ar digits

differs from the

differs from the

C language mechanism.

C language mechanism.

.Pp

.Pp

There is no way to force

There is no way to force

.Nm

.Nm

to treat its arguments literally, rather than interpreting them as

to treat its arguments literally, rather than interpreting them as

options and escape sequences.

options and escape sequences.