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/*

 * Copyright (C) 2006 Ondrej Palkovsky

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

 * are met:

 *

 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products

 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */

/** @addtogroup libc

 * @{

 */

/** @file

 */ 

/**

 * Asynchronous library

 *

 * The aim of this library is facilitating writing programs utilizing 

 * the asynchronous nature of HelenOS IPC, yet using a normal way

 * of programming. 

 *

 * You should be able to write very simple multithreaded programs, 

 * the async framework will automatically take care of most synchronization

 * problems.

 *

 * Default semantics:

 * - send() - send asynchronously. If the kernel refuses to send more

 *            messages, [ try to get responses from kernel, if nothing

 *            found, might try synchronous ]

 *

 * Example of use:

 * 

 * 1) Multithreaded client application

 *  create_thread(thread1);

 *  create_thread(thread2);

 *  ...

 *  

 *  thread1() {

 *        conn = ipc_connect_me_to();

 *        c1 = send(conn);

 *        c2 = send(conn);

 *        wait_for(c1);

 *        wait_for(c2);

 *  }

 *

 *

 * 2) Multithreaded server application

 * main() {

 *      async_manager();

 * }

 * 

 *

 * client_connection(icallid, *icall) {

 *       if (want_refuse) {

 *           ipc_answer_fast(icallid, ELIMIT, 0, 0);

 *           return;

 *       }

 *       ipc_answer_fast(icallid, 0, 0, 0);

 *

 *       callid = async_get_call(&call);

 *       handle(callid, call);

 *       ipc_answer_fast(callid, 1, 2, 3);

 *

 *       callid = async_get_call(&call);

 *       ....

 * }

 *

 * TODO: Detaching/joining dead psthreads?

 */

#include <futex.h>

#include <async.h>

#include <psthread.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <libadt/hash_table.h>

#include <libadt/list.h>

#include <ipc/ipc.h>

#include <assert.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <time.h>

#include <arch/barrier.h>

atomic_t async_futex = FUTEX_INITIALIZER;

static hash_table_t conn_hash_table;

static LIST_INITIALIZE(timeout_list);

typedef struct {

	struct timeval expires;		/**< Expiration time for waiting thread */

	int inlist;             	/**< If true, this struct is in timeout list */

	link_t link;

	pstid_t ptid;           	/**< Thread waiting for this message */

	int active;             	/**< If this thread is currently active */

	int timedout;           	/**< If true, we timed out */

} awaiter_t;

typedef struct {

	awaiter_t wdata;

	int done;               	/**< If reply was received */

	ipc_call_t *dataptr;		/**< Pointer where the answer data

					  *   is stored */

	ipcarg_t retval;

} amsg_t;

typedef struct {

	link_t link;

	ipc_callid_t callid;

	ipc_call_t call;

} msg_t;

typedef struct {

	awaiter_t wdata;

	link_t link;			/**< Hash table link */

	ipcarg_t in_phone_hash;		/**< Incoming phone hash. */

	link_t msg_queue;		/**< Messages that should be delivered to this thread */

	/* Structures for connection opening packet */

	ipc_callid_t callid;

	ipc_call_t call;

	ipc_callid_t close_callid;	/* Identification of closing packet */

	void (*cthread)(ipc_callid_t,ipc_call_t *);

} connection_t;

/** Identifier of incoming connection handled by current thread */

__thread connection_t *PS_connection;

/** If true, it is forbidden to use async_req functions and

 *  all preemption is disabled */

__thread int in_interrupt_handler;

static void default_client_connection(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call);

static void default_interrupt_received(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call);

static async_client_conn_t client_connection = default_client_connection;

static async_client_conn_t interrupt_received = default_interrupt_received;

/** Add microseconds to give timeval */

static void tv_add(struct timeval *tv, suseconds_t usecs)

{

	tv->tv_sec += usecs / 1000000;

	tv->tv_usec += usecs % 1000000;

	if (tv->tv_usec > 1000000) {

		tv->tv_sec++;

		tv->tv_usec -= 1000000;

	}

}

/** Subtract 2 timevals, return microseconds difference */

static suseconds_t tv_sub(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

	suseconds_t result;

	result = tv1->tv_usec - tv2->tv_usec;

	result += (tv1->tv_sec - tv2->tv_sec) * 1000000;

	return result;

}

/** Compare timeval

 *

 * @return 1 if tv1 > tv2, otherwise 0

 */

static int tv_gt(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

	if (tv1->tv_sec > tv2->tv_sec)

		return 1;

	if (tv1->tv_sec == tv2->tv_sec && tv1->tv_usec > tv2->tv_usec)

		return 1;

	return 0;

}

static int tv_gteq(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

	if (tv1->tv_sec > tv2->tv_sec)

		return 1;

	if (tv1->tv_sec == tv2->tv_sec && tv1->tv_usec >= tv2->tv_usec)

		return 1;

	return 0;

}

/* Hash table functions */

#define CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS	32

static hash_index_t conn_hash(unsigned long *key)

{

	assert(key);

	return ((*key) >> 4) % CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS;

}

static int conn_compare(unsigned long key[], hash_count_t keys, link_t *item)

{

	connection_t *hs;

	hs = hash_table_get_instance(item, connection_t, link);

	return key[0] == hs->in_phone_hash;

}

static void conn_remove(link_t *item)

{

	free(hash_table_get_instance(item, connection_t, link));

}

/** Operations for NS hash table. */

static hash_table_operations_t conn_hash_table_ops = {

	.hash = conn_hash,

	.compare = conn_compare,

	.remove_callback = conn_remove

};

/** Insert sort timeout msg into timeouts list

 *

 */

static void insert_timeout(awaiter_t *wd)

{

	link_t *tmp;

	awaiter_t *cur;

	wd->timedout = 0;

	wd->inlist = 1;

	tmp = timeout_list.next;

	while (tmp != &timeout_list) {

		cur = list_get_instance(tmp, awaiter_t, link);

		if (tv_gteq(&cur->expires, &wd->expires))

			break;

		tmp = tmp->next;

	}

	list_append(&wd->link, tmp);

}

/*************************************************/

/** Try to route a call to an appropriate connection thread

 *

 */

static int route_call(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

	connection_t *conn;

	msg_t *msg;

	link_t *hlp;

	unsigned long key;

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	key = call->in_phone_hash;

	hlp = hash_table_find(&conn_hash_table, &key);

	if (!hlp) {

		futex_up(&async_futex);

		return 0;

	}

	conn = hash_table_get_instance(hlp, connection_t, link);

	msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

	msg->callid = callid;

	msg->call = *call;

	list_append(&msg->link, &conn->msg_queue);

	if (IPC_GET_METHOD(*call) == IPC_M_PHONE_HUNGUP)

		conn->close_callid = callid;

	/* If the call is waiting for event, run it */

	if (!conn->wdata.active) {

		/* If in timeout list, remove it */

		if (conn->wdata.inlist) {

			conn->wdata.inlist = 0;

			list_remove(&conn->wdata.link);

		}

		conn->wdata.active = 1;

		psthread_add_ready(conn->wdata.ptid);

	}

	futex_up(&async_futex);

	return 1;

}

/** Return new incoming message for current(thread-local) connection */

ipc_callid_t async_get_call_timeout(ipc_call_t *call, suseconds_t usecs)

{

	msg_t *msg;

	ipc_callid_t callid;

	connection_t *conn;

	assert(PS_connection);

	/* GCC 4.1.0 coughs on PS_connection-> dereference,

	 * GCC 4.1.1 happilly puts the rdhwr instruction in delay slot.

	 *           I would never expect to find so many errors in 

	 *           compiler *($&$(*&$

	 */

	conn = PS_connection; 

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	if (usecs) {

		gettimeofday(&conn->wdata.expires, NULL);

		tv_add(&conn->wdata.expires, usecs);

	} else {

		conn->wdata.inlist = 0;

	}

	/* If nothing in queue, wait until something appears */

	while (list_empty(&conn->msg_queue)) {

		if (usecs)

			insert_timeout(&conn->wdata);

		conn->wdata.active = 0;

		psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

		/* Futex is up after getting back from async_manager 

		 * get it again */

		futex_down(&async_futex);

		if (usecs && conn->wdata.timedout && \

		    list_empty(&conn->msg_queue)) {

			/* If we timed out-> exit */

			futex_up(&async_futex);

			return 0;

		}

	}

	msg = list_get_instance(conn->msg_queue.next, msg_t, link);

	list_remove(&msg->link);

	callid = msg->callid;

	*call = msg->call;

	free(msg);

	futex_up(&async_futex);

	return callid;

}

/** Thread function that gets created on new connection

 *

 * This function is defined as a weak symbol - to be redefined in

 * user code.

 */

static void default_client_connection(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

	ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOENT, 0, 0);

}

static void default_interrupt_received(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

}

/** Wrapper for client connection thread

 *

 * When new connection arrives, thread with this function is created.

 * It calls client_connection and does final cleanup.

 *

 * @param arg Connection structure pointer

 */

static int connection_thread(void  *arg)

{

	unsigned long key;

	msg_t *msg;

	int close_answered = 0;

	/* Setup thread local connection pointer */

	PS_connection = (connection_t *)arg;

	PS_connection->cthread(PS_connection->callid, &PS_connection->call);

	/* Remove myself from connection hash table */

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	key = PS_connection->in_phone_hash;

	hash_table_remove(&conn_hash_table, &key, 1);

	futex_up(&async_futex);

	/* Answer all remaining messages with ehangup */

	while (!list_empty(&PS_connection->msg_queue)) {

		msg = list_get_instance(PS_connection->msg_queue.next, msg_t, link);

		list_remove(&msg->link);

		if (msg->callid == PS_connection->close_callid)

			close_answered = 1;

		ipc_answer_fast(msg->callid, EHANGUP, 0, 0);

		free(msg);

	}

	if (PS_connection->close_callid)

		ipc_answer_fast(PS_connection->close_callid, 0, 0, 0);

	return 0;

}

/** Create new thread for a new connection 

 *

 * Creates new thread for connection, fills in connection

 * structures and inserts it into the hash table, so that

 * later we can easily do routing of messages to particular

 * threads.

 *

 * @param in_phone_hash Identification of the incoming connection

 * @param callid Callid of the IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO packet

 * @param call Call data of the opening packet

 * @param cthread Thread function that should be called upon

 *                opening the connection

 * @return New thread id

 */

pstid_t async_new_connection(ipcarg_t in_phone_hash,ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call, void (*cthread)(ipc_callid_t, ipc_call_t *))

{

	connection_t *conn;

	unsigned long key;

	conn = malloc(sizeof(*conn));

	if (!conn) {

		ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOMEM, 0, 0);

		return NULL;

	}

	conn->in_phone_hash = in_phone_hash;

	list_initialize(&conn->msg_queue);

	conn->callid = callid;

	conn->close_callid = 0;

	if (call)

		conn->call = *call;

	conn->wdata.active = 1; /* We will activate it asap */

	conn->cthread = cthread;

	conn->wdata.ptid = psthread_create(connection_thread, conn);

	if (!conn->wdata.ptid) {

		free(conn);

		ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOMEM, 0, 0);

		return NULL;

	}

	/* Add connection to hash table */

	key = conn->in_phone_hash;

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	hash_table_insert(&conn_hash_table, &key, &conn->link);

	futex_up(&async_futex);

	psthread_add_ready(conn->wdata.ptid);

	return conn->wdata.ptid;

}

/** Handle call that was received */

static void handle_call(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

	/* Unrouted call - do some default behaviour */

	if ((callid & IPC_CALLID_NOTIFICATION)) {

		in_interrupt_handler = 1;

		(*interrupt_received)(callid,call);

		in_interrupt_handler = 0;

		return;

	}		

	switch (IPC_GET_METHOD(*call)) {

	case IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO:

		/* Open new connection with thread etc. */

		async_new_connection(IPC_GET_ARG3(*call), callid, call, client_connection);

		return;

	}

	/* Try to route call through connection tables */

	if (route_call(callid, call))

		return;

	/* Unknown call from unknown phone - hang it up */

	ipc_answer_fast(callid, EHANGUP, 0, 0);

}

/** Fire all timeouts that expired 

 *

 */

static void handle_expired_timeouts(void)

{

	struct timeval tv;

	awaiter_t *waiter;

	link_t *cur;

	gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	cur = timeout_list.next;

	while (cur != &timeout_list) {

		waiter = list_get_instance(cur,awaiter_t,link);

		if (tv_gt(&waiter->expires, &tv))

			break;

		cur = cur->next;

		list_remove(&waiter->link);

		waiter->inlist = 0;

		waiter->timedout = 1;

		/* Redundant condition? The thread should not

		 * be active when it gets here.

		 */

		if (!waiter->active) {

			waiter->active = 1;

			psthread_add_ready(waiter->ptid);

		}

	}

	futex_up(&async_futex);

}

/** Endless loop dispatching incoming calls and answers */

static int async_manager_worker(void)

{

	ipc_call_t call;

	ipc_callid_t callid;

	int timeout;

	awaiter_t *waiter;

	struct timeval tv;

	while (1) {

		if (psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_FROM_MANAGER)) {

			futex_up(&async_futex); 

			/* async_futex is always held

			 * when entering manager thread

			 */

			continue;

		}

		futex_down(&async_futex);

		if (!list_empty(&timeout_list)) {

			waiter = list_get_instance(timeout_list.next,awaiter_t,link);

			gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);

			if (tv_gteq(&tv, &waiter->expires)) {

				futex_up(&async_futex);

				handle_expired_timeouts();

				continue;

			} else

				timeout = tv_sub(&waiter->expires, &tv);

		} else

			timeout = SYNCH_NO_TIMEOUT;

		futex_up(&async_futex);

		callid = ipc_wait_cycle(&call, timeout, SYNCH_FLAGS_NONE);

		if (!callid) {

			handle_expired_timeouts();

			continue;

		}

		if (callid & IPC_CALLID_ANSWERED) {

			continue;

		}

		handle_call(callid, &call);

	}

	return 0;

}

/** Function to start async_manager as a standalone thread 

 * 

 * When more kernel threads are used, one async manager should

 * exist per thread. The particular implementation may change,

 * currently one async_manager is started automatically per kernel

 * thread except main thread. 

 */

static int async_manager_thread(void *arg)

{

	futex_up(&async_futex);

	/* async_futex is always locked when entering

	 * manager */

	async_manager_worker();

	return 0;

}

/** Add one manager to manager list */

void async_create_manager(void)

{

	pstid_t ptid;

	ptid = psthread_create(async_manager_thread, NULL);

	psthread_add_manager(ptid);

}

/** Remove one manager from manager list */

void async_destroy_manager(void)

{

	psthread_remove_manager();

}

/** Initialize internal structures needed for async manager */

int _async_init(void)

{

	if (!hash_table_create(&conn_hash_table, CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS, 1, &conn_hash_table_ops)) {

		printf("%s: cannot create hash table\n", "async");

		return ENOMEM;

	}

	return 0;

}

/** IPC handler for messages in async framework

 *

 * Notify thread that is waiting for this message, that it arrived

 */

static void reply_received(void *private, int retval,

			   ipc_call_t *data)

{

	amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) private;

	msg->retval = retval;

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	/* Copy data after futex_down, just in case the

	 * call was detached 

	 */

	if (msg->dataptr)

		*msg->dataptr = *data; 

	write_barrier();

	/* Remove message from timeout list */

	if (msg->wdata.inlist)

		list_remove(&msg->wdata.link);

	msg->done = 1;

	if (! msg->wdata.active) {

		msg->wdata.active = 1;

		psthread_add_ready(msg->wdata.ptid);

	}

	futex_up(&async_futex);

}

/** Send message and return id of the sent message

 *

 * The return value can be used as input for async_wait() to wait

 * for completion.

 */

aid_t async_send_2(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2,

		   ipc_call_t *dataptr)

{

	amsg_t *msg;

	if (in_interrupt_handler) {

		printf("Cannot send asynchronous request in interrupt handler.\n");

		_exit(1);

	}

	msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

	msg->done = 0;

	msg->dataptr = dataptr;

	msg->wdata.active = 1; /* We may sleep in next method, but it

				* will use it's own mechanism */

	ipc_call_async_2(phoneid,method,arg1,arg2,msg,reply_received,1);

	return (aid_t) msg;

}

/** Send message and return id of the sent message

 *

 * The return value can be used as input for async_wait() to wait

 * for completion.

 */

aid_t async_send_3(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2,

		   ipcarg_t arg3, ipc_call_t *dataptr)

{

	amsg_t *msg;

	if (in_interrupt_handler) {

		printf("Cannot send asynchronous request in interrupt handler.\n");

		_exit(1);

	}

	msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

	msg->done = 0;

	msg->dataptr = dataptr;

	msg->wdata.active = 1; /* We may sleep in next method, but it

				* will use it's own mechanism */

	ipc_call_async_3(phoneid,method,arg1,arg2,arg3, msg,reply_received,1);

	return (aid_t) msg;

}

/** Wait for a message sent by async framework

 *

 * @param amsgid Message ID to wait for

 * @param retval Pointer to variable where will be stored retval

 *               of the answered message. If NULL, it is ignored.

 *

 */

void async_wait_for(aid_t amsgid, ipcarg_t *retval)

{

	amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) amsgid;

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	if (msg->done) {

		futex_up(&async_futex);

		goto done;

	}

	msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

	msg->wdata.active = 0;

	msg->wdata.inlist = 0;

	/* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

	psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

	/* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

done:

	if (retval)

		*retval = msg->retval;

	free(msg);

}

/** Wait for a message sent by async framework with timeout

 *

 * @param amsgid Message ID to wait for

 * @param retval Pointer to variable where will be stored retval

 *               of the answered message. If NULL, it is ignored.

 * @param timeout Timeout in usecs

 * @return 0 on success, ETIMEOUT if timeout expired

 *

 */

int async_wait_timeout(aid_t amsgid, ipcarg_t *retval, suseconds_t timeout)

{

	amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) amsgid;

	/* TODO: Let it go through the event read at least once */

	if (timeout < 0)

		return ETIMEOUT;

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	if (msg->done) {

		futex_up(&async_futex);

		goto done;

	}

	gettimeofday(&msg->wdata.expires, NULL);

	tv_add(&msg->wdata.expires, timeout);

	msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

	msg->wdata.active = 0;

	insert_timeout(&msg->wdata);

	/* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

	psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

	/* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

	if (!msg->done)

		return ETIMEOUT;

done:

	if (retval)

		*retval = msg->retval;

	free(msg);

	return 0;

}

/** Wait specified time, but in the meantime handle incoming events

 *

 * @param timeout Time in microseconds to wait

 */

void async_usleep(suseconds_t timeout)

{

	amsg_t *msg;

	if (in_interrupt_handler) {

		printf("Cannot call async_usleep in interrupt handler.\n");

		_exit(1);

	}

	msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

	if (!msg)

		return;

	msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

	msg->wdata.active = 0;

	gettimeofday(&msg->wdata.expires, NULL);

	tv_add(&msg->wdata.expires, timeout);

	futex_down(&async_futex);

	insert_timeout(&msg->wdata);

	/* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

	psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

	/* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

	free(msg);

}

/** Set function that is called, IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO is received

 *

 * @param conn Function that will form new psthread.

 */

void async_set_client_connection(async_client_conn_t conn)

{

	client_connection = conn;

}

void async_set_interrupt_received(async_client_conn_t conn)

{

	interrupt_received = conn;

}

/* Primitive functions for simple communication */

void async_msg_3(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1,

		 ipcarg_t arg2, ipcarg_t arg3)

{

	ipc_call_async_3(phoneid, method, arg1, arg2, arg3, NULL, NULL, !in_interrupt_handler);

}

void async_msg_2(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2)

{

	ipc_call_async_2(phoneid, method, arg1, arg2, NULL, NULL, !in_interrupt_handler);

}

/** @}

 */