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/*

 * Copyright (C) 2006 Ondrej Palkovsky

 * All rights reserved.

 *

 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without

 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions

 * are met:

 *

 * - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

 * - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright

 *   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the

 *   documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 * - The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products

 *   derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

 *

 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR

 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES

 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.

 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,

 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT

 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,

 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT

 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF

 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

 */

 /** @addtogroup libc

 * @{

 */

/** @file

 */

/**

 * Asynchronous library

 *

 * The aim of this library is facilitating writing programs utilizing

 * the asynchronous nature of Helenos IPC, yet using a normal way

 * of programming.

 *

 * You should be able to write very simple multithreaded programs,

 * the async framework will automatically take care of most synchronization

 * problems.

 *

 * Default semantics:

 * - send() - send asynchronously. If the kernel refuses to send more

 *            messages, [ try to get responses from kernel, if nothing

 *            found, might try synchronous ]

 *

 * Example of use:

 *

 * 1) Multithreaded client application

 *  create_thread(thread1);

 *  create_thread(thread2);

 *  ...

 *  

 *  thread1() {

 *        conn = ipc_connect_me_to();

 *        c1 = send(conn);

 *        c2 = send(conn);

 *        wait_for(c1);

 *        wait_for(c2);

 *  }

 *

 *

 * 2) Multithreaded server application

 * main() {

 *      async_manager();

 * }

 *

 *

 * client_connection(icallid, *icall) {

 *       if (want_refuse) {

 *           ipc_answer_fast(icallid, ELIMIT, 0, 0);

 *           return;

 *       }

 *       ipc_answer_fast(icallid, 0, 0, 0);

 *

 *       callid = async_get_call(&call);

 *       handle(callid, call);

 *       ipc_answer_fast(callid, 1,2,3);

 *

 *       callid = async_get_call(&call);

 *       ....

 * }

 *

 * TODO: Detaching/joining dead psthreads?

 */

#include <futex.h>

#include <async.h>

#include <psthread.h>

#include <stdio.h>

#include <libadt/hash_table.h>

#include <libadt/list.h>

#include <ipc/ipc.h>

#include <assert.h>

#include <errno.h>

#include <time.h>

#include <arch/barrier.h>

atomic_t async_futex = FUTEX_INITIALIZER;

static hash_table_t conn_hash_table;

static LIST_INITIALIZE(timeout_list);

typedef struct {

    struct timeval expires;      /**< Expiration time for waiting thread */

    int inlist;             /**< If true, this struct is in timeout list */

    link_t link;

    pstid_t ptid;                /**< Thread waiting for this message */

    int active;                  /**< If this thread is currently active */

    int timedout;                /**< If true, we timed out */

} awaiter_t;

typedef struct {

    awaiter_t wdata;

    int done;                    /**< If reply was received */

    ipc_call_t *dataptr;         /**< Pointer where the answer data

                      *   is stored */

    ipcarg_t retval;

} amsg_t;

typedef struct {

    link_t link;

    ipc_callid_t callid;

    ipc_call_t call;

} msg_t;

typedef struct {

    awaiter_t wdata;

    link_t link;             /**< Hash table link */

    ipcarg_t in_phone_hash;  /**< Incoming phone hash. */

    link_t msg_queue;        /**< Messages that should be delivered to this thread */

    /* Structures for connection opening packet */

    ipc_callid_t callid;

    ipc_call_t call;

    ipc_callid_t close_callid; /* Identification of closing packet */

    void (*cthread)(ipc_callid_t,ipc_call_t *);

} connection_t;

/** Identifier of incoming connection handled by current thread */

__thread connection_t *PS_connection;

/** If true, it is forbidden to use async_req functions and

 *  all preemption is disabled */

__thread int in_interrupt_handler;

static void default_client_connection(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call);

static void default_interrupt_received(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call);

static async_client_conn_t client_connection = default_client_connection;

static async_client_conn_t interrupt_received = default_interrupt_received;

/** Add microseconds to give timeval */

static void tv_add(struct timeval *tv, suseconds_t usecs)

{

    tv->tv_sec += usecs / 1000000;

    tv->tv_usec += usecs % 1000000;

    if (tv->tv_usec > 1000000) {

        tv->tv_sec++;

        tv->tv_usec -= 1000000;

    }

}

/** Subtract 2 timevals, return microseconds difference */

static suseconds_t tv_sub(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

    suseconds_t result;

    result = tv1->tv_usec - tv2->tv_usec;

    result += (tv1->tv_sec - tv2->tv_sec) * 1000000;

    return result;

}

/** Compare timeval

 *

 * @return 1 if tv1 > tv2, otherwise 0

 */

static int tv_gt(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

    if (tv1->tv_sec > tv2->tv_sec)

        return 1;

    if (tv1->tv_sec == tv2->tv_sec && tv1->tv_usec > tv2->tv_usec)

        return 1;

    return 0;

}

static int tv_gteq(struct timeval *tv1, struct timeval *tv2)

{

    if (tv1->tv_sec > tv2->tv_sec)

        return 1;

    if (tv1->tv_sec == tv2->tv_sec && tv1->tv_usec >= tv2->tv_usec)

        return 1;

    return 0;

}

/* Hash table functions */

#define CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS  32

static hash_index_t conn_hash(unsigned long *key)

{

    assert(key);

    return ((*key) >> 4) % CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS;

}

static int conn_compare(unsigned long key[], hash_count_t keys, link_t *item)

{

    connection_t *hs;

    hs = hash_table_get_instance(item, connection_t, link);

    return key[0] == hs->in_phone_hash;

}

static void conn_remove(link_t *item)

{

    free(hash_table_get_instance(item, connection_t, link));

}

/** Operations for NS hash table. */

static hash_table_operations_t conn_hash_table_ops = {

    .hash = conn_hash,

    .compare = conn_compare,

    .remove_callback = conn_remove

};

/** Insert sort timeout msg into timeouts list

 *

 */

static void insert_timeout(awaiter_t *wd)

{

    link_t *tmp;

    awaiter_t *cur;

    wd->timedout = 0;

    wd->inlist = 1;

    tmp = timeout_list.next;

    while (tmp != &timeout_list) {

        cur = list_get_instance(tmp, awaiter_t, link);

        if (tv_gteq(&cur->expires, &wd->expires))

            break;

        tmp = tmp->next;

    }

    list_append(&wd->link, tmp);

}

/*************************************************/

/** Try to route a call to an appropriate connection thread

 *

 */

static int route_call(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

    connection_t *conn;

    msg_t *msg;

    link_t *hlp;

    unsigned long key;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    key = call->in_phone_hash;

    hlp = hash_table_find(&conn_hash_table, &key);

    if (!hlp) {

        futex_up(&async_futex);

        return 0;

    }

    conn = hash_table_get_instance(hlp, connection_t, link);

    msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

    msg->callid = callid;

    msg->call = *call;

    list_append(&msg->link, &conn->msg_queue);

    if (IPC_GET_METHOD(*call) == IPC_M_PHONE_HUNGUP)

        conn->close_callid = callid;

    /* If the call is waiting for event, run it */

    if (!conn->wdata.active) {

        /* If in timeout list, remove it */

        if (conn->wdata.inlist) {

            conn->wdata.inlist = 0;

            list_remove(&conn->wdata.link);

        }

        conn->wdata.active = 1;

        psthread_add_ready(conn->wdata.ptid);

    }

    futex_up(&async_futex);

    return 1;

}

/** Return new incoming message for current(thread-local) connection */

ipc_callid_t async_get_call_timeout(ipc_call_t *call, suseconds_t usecs)

{

    msg_t *msg;

    ipc_callid_t callid;

    connection_t *conn;

    assert(PS_connection);

    /* GCC 4.1.0 coughs on PS_connection-> dereference,

     * GCC 4.1.1 happilly puts the rdhwr instruction in delay slot.

     *           I would never expect to find so many errors in

     *           compiler *($&$(*&$

     */

    conn = PS_connection;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    if (usecs) {

        gettimeofday(&conn->wdata.expires, NULL);

        tv_add(&conn->wdata.expires, usecs);

    } else {

        conn->wdata.inlist = 0;

    }

    /* If nothing in queue, wait until something appears */

    while (list_empty(&conn->msg_queue)) {

        if (usecs)

            insert_timeout(&conn->wdata);

        conn->wdata.active = 0;

        psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

        /* Futex is up after getting back from async_manager

         * get it again */

        futex_down(&async_futex);

        if (usecs && conn->wdata.timedout && \

            list_empty(&conn->msg_queue)) {

            /* If we timed out-> exit */

            futex_up(&async_futex);

            return 0;

        }

    }

    msg = list_get_instance(conn->msg_queue.next, msg_t, link);

    list_remove(&msg->link);

    callid = msg->callid;

    *call = msg->call;

    free(msg);

    futex_up(&async_futex);

    return callid;

}

/** Thread function that gets created on new connection

 *

 * This function is defined as a weak symbol - to be redefined in

 * user code.

 */

static void default_client_connection(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

    ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOENT, 0, 0);

}

static void default_interrupt_received(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

}

/** Wrapper for client connection thread

 *

 * When new connection arrives, thread with this function is created.

 * It calls client_connection and does final cleanup.

 *

 * @param arg Connection structure pointer

 */

static int connection_thread(void  *arg)

{

    unsigned long key;

    msg_t *msg;

    int close_answered = 0;

    /* Setup thread local connection pointer */

    PS_connection = (connection_t *)arg;

    PS_connection->cthread(PS_connection->callid, &PS_connection->call);

    /* Remove myself from connection hash table */

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    key = PS_connection->in_phone_hash;

    hash_table_remove(&conn_hash_table, &key, 1);

    futex_up(&async_futex);

    /* Answer all remaining messages with ehangup */

    while (!list_empty(&PS_connection->msg_queue)) {

        msg = list_get_instance(PS_connection->msg_queue.next, msg_t, link);

        list_remove(&msg->link);

        if (msg->callid == PS_connection->close_callid)

            close_answered = 1;

        ipc_answer_fast(msg->callid, EHANGUP, 0, 0);

        free(msg);

    }

    if (PS_connection->close_callid)

        ipc_answer_fast(PS_connection->close_callid, 0, 0, 0);

}

/** Create new thread for a new connection

 *

 * Creates new thread for connection, fills in connection

 * structures and inserts it into the hash table, so that

 * later we can easily do routing of messages to particular

 * threads.

 *

 * @param in_phone_hash Identification of the incoming connection

 * @param callid Callid of the IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO packet

 * @param call Call data of the opening packet

 * @param cthread Thread function that should be called upon

 *                opening the connection

 * @return New thread id

 */

pstid_t async_new_connection(ipcarg_t in_phone_hash,ipc_callid_t callid,

                 ipc_call_t *call,

                 void (*cthread)(ipc_callid_t,ipc_call_t *))

{

    pstid_t ptid;

    connection_t *conn;

    unsigned long key;

    conn = malloc(sizeof(*conn));

    if (!conn) {

        ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOMEM, 0, 0);

        return NULL;

    }

    conn->in_phone_hash = in_phone_hash;

    list_initialize(&conn->msg_queue);

    conn->callid = callid;

    conn->close_callid = 0;

    if (call)

        conn->call = *call;

    conn->wdata.active = 1; /* We will activate it asap */

    conn->cthread = cthread;

    conn->wdata.ptid = psthread_create(connection_thread, conn);

    if (!conn->wdata.ptid) {

        free(conn);

        ipc_answer_fast(callid, ENOMEM, 0, 0);

        return NULL;

    }

    /* Add connection to hash table */

    key = conn->in_phone_hash;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    hash_table_insert(&conn_hash_table, &key, &conn->link);

    futex_up(&async_futex);

    psthread_add_ready(conn->wdata.ptid);

    return conn->wdata.ptid;

}

/** Handle call that was received */

static void handle_call(ipc_callid_t callid, ipc_call_t *call)

{

    /* Unrouted call - do some default behaviour */

    if ((callid & IPC_CALLID_NOTIFICATION)) {

        in_interrupt_handler = 1;

        (*interrupt_received)(callid,call);

        in_interrupt_handler = 0;

        return;

    }      

    switch (IPC_GET_METHOD(*call)) {

    case IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO:

        /* Open new connection with thread etc. */

        async_new_connection(IPC_GET_ARG3(*call), callid, call, client_connection);

        return;

    }

    /* Try to route call through connection tables */

    if (route_call(callid, call))

        return;

    /* Unknown call from unknown phone - hang it up */

    ipc_answer_fast(callid, EHANGUP, 0, 0);

}

/** Fire all timeouts that expired

 *

 */

static void handle_expired_timeouts(void)

{

    struct timeval tv;

    awaiter_t *waiter;

    link_t *cur;

    gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    cur = timeout_list.next;

    while (cur != &timeout_list) {

        waiter = list_get_instance(cur,awaiter_t,link);

        if (tv_gt(&waiter->expires, &tv))

            break;

        cur = cur->next;

        list_remove(&waiter->link);

        waiter->inlist = 0;

        waiter->timedout = 1;

        /* Redundant condition? The thread should not

         * be active when it gets here.

         */

        if (!waiter->active) {

            waiter->active = 1;

            psthread_add_ready(waiter->ptid);

        }

    }

    futex_up(&async_futex);

}

/** Endless loop dispatching incoming calls and answers */

static int async_manager_worker(void)

{

    ipc_call_t call;

    ipc_callid_t callid;

    int timeout;

    awaiter_t *waiter;

    struct timeval tv;

    while (1) {

        if (psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_FROM_MANAGER)) {

            futex_up(&async_futex); /* async_futex is always held

                        * when entering manager thread

                        */

            continue;

        }

        futex_down(&async_futex);

        if (!list_empty(&timeout_list)) {

            waiter = list_get_instance(timeout_list.next,awaiter_t,link);

            gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);

            if (tv_gteq(&tv, &waiter->expires)) {

                futex_up(&async_futex);

                handle_expired_timeouts();

                continue;

            } else

                timeout = tv_sub(&waiter->expires, &tv);

        } else

            timeout = SYNCH_NO_TIMEOUT;

        futex_up(&async_futex);

        callid = ipc_wait_cycle(&call, timeout, SYNCH_FLAGS_NONE);

        if (!callid) {

            handle_expired_timeouts();

            continue;

        }

        if (callid & IPC_CALLID_ANSWERED) {

            continue;

        }

        handle_call(callid, &call);

    }

}

/** Function to start async_manager as a standalone thread

 *

 * When more kernel threads are used, one async manager should

 * exist per thread. The particular implementation may change,

 * currently one async_manager is started automatically per kernel

 * thread except main thread.

 */

static int async_manager_thread(void *arg)

{

    futex_up(&async_futex); /* async_futex is always locked when entering

                * manager */

    async_manager_worker();

}

/** Add one manager to manager list */

void async_create_manager(void)

{

    pstid_t ptid;

    ptid = psthread_create(async_manager_thread, NULL);

    psthread_add_manager(ptid);

}

/** Remove one manager from manager list */

void async_destroy_manager(void)

{

    psthread_remove_manager();

}

/** Initialize internal structures needed for async manager */

int _async_init(void)

{

    if (!hash_table_create(&conn_hash_table, CONN_HASH_TABLE_CHAINS, 1, &conn_hash_table_ops)) {

        printf("%s: cannot create hash table\n", "async");

        return ENOMEM;

    }

}

/** IPC handler for messages in async framework

 *

 * Notify thread that is waiting for this message, that it arrived

 */

static void reply_received(void *private, int retval,

               ipc_call_t *data)

{

    amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) private;

    msg->retval = retval;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    /* Copy data after futex_down, just in case the

     * call was detached

     */

    if (msg->dataptr)

        *msg->dataptr = *data;

    write_barrier();

    /* Remove message from timeout list */

    if (msg->wdata.inlist)

        list_remove(&msg->wdata.link);

    msg->done = 1;

    if (! msg->wdata.active) {

        msg->wdata.active = 1;

        psthread_add_ready(msg->wdata.ptid);

    }

    futex_up(&async_futex);

}

/** Send message and return id of the sent message

 *

 * The return value can be used as input for async_wait() to wait

 * for completion.

 */

aid_t async_send_2(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2,

           ipc_call_t *dataptr)

{

    amsg_t *msg;

    if (in_interrupt_handler) {

        printf("Cannot send asynchronou request in interrupt handler.\n");

        _exit(1);

    }

    msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

    msg->done = 0;

    msg->dataptr = dataptr;

    msg->wdata.active = 1; /* We may sleep in next method, but it

                * will use it's own mechanism */

    ipc_call_async_2(phoneid,method,arg1,arg2,msg,reply_received,1);

    return (aid_t) msg;

}

/** Send message and return id of the sent message

 *

 * The return value can be used as input for async_wait() to wait

 * for completion.

 */

aid_t async_send_3(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2,

           ipcarg_t arg3, ipc_call_t *dataptr)

{

    amsg_t *msg;

    if (in_interrupt_handler) {

        printf("Cannot send asynchronou request in interrupt handler.\n");

        _exit(1);

    }

    msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

    msg->done = 0;

    msg->dataptr = dataptr;

    msg->wdata.active = 1; /* We may sleep in next method, but it

                * will use it's own mechanism */

    ipc_call_async_3(phoneid,method,arg1,arg2,arg3, msg,reply_received,1);

    return (aid_t) msg;

}

/** Wait for a message sent by async framework

 *

 * @param amsgid Message ID to wait for

 * @param retval Pointer to variable where will be stored retval

 *               of the answered message. If NULL, it is ignored.

 *

 */

void async_wait_for(aid_t amsgid, ipcarg_t *retval)

{

    amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) amsgid;

    connection_t *conn;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    if (msg->done) {

        futex_up(&async_futex);

        goto done;

    }

    msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

    msg->wdata.active = 0;

    msg->wdata.inlist = 0;

    /* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

    psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

    /* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

done:

    if (retval)

        *retval = msg->retval;

    free(msg);

}

/** Wait for a message sent by async framework with timeout

 *

 * @param amsgid Message ID to wait for

 * @param retval Pointer to variable where will be stored retval

 *               of the answered message. If NULL, it is ignored.

 * @param timeout Timeout in usecs

 * @return 0 on success, ETIMEOUT if timeout expired

 *

 */

int async_wait_timeout(aid_t amsgid, ipcarg_t *retval, suseconds_t timeout)

{

    amsg_t *msg = (amsg_t *) amsgid;

    connection_t *conn;

    /* TODO: Let it go through the event read at least once */

    if (timeout < 0)

        return ETIMEOUT;

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    if (msg->done) {

        futex_up(&async_futex);

        goto done;

    }

    gettimeofday(&msg->wdata.expires, NULL);

    tv_add(&msg->wdata.expires, timeout);

    msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

    msg->wdata.active = 0;

    insert_timeout(&msg->wdata);

    /* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

    psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

    /* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

    if (!msg->done)

        return ETIMEOUT;

done:

    if (retval)

        *retval = msg->retval;

    free(msg);

    return 0;

}

/** Wait specified time, but in the meantime handle incoming events

 *

 * @param timeout Time in microseconds to wait

 */

void async_usleep(suseconds_t timeout)

{

    amsg_t *msg;

    if (in_interrupt_handler) {

        printf("Cannot call async_usleep in interrupt handler.\n");

        _exit(1);

    }

    msg = malloc(sizeof(*msg));

    if (!msg)

        return;

    msg->wdata.ptid = psthread_get_id();

    msg->wdata.active = 0;

    gettimeofday(&msg->wdata.expires, NULL);

    tv_add(&msg->wdata.expires, timeout);

    futex_down(&async_futex);

    insert_timeout(&msg->wdata);

    /* Leave locked async_futex when entering this function */

    psthread_schedule_next_adv(PS_TO_MANAGER);

    /* futex is up automatically after psthread_schedule_next...*/

    free(msg);

}

/** Set function that is called, IPC_M_CONNECT_ME_TO is received

 *

 * @param conn Function that will form new psthread.

 */

void async_set_client_connection(async_client_conn_t conn)

{

    client_connection = conn;

}

void async_set_interrupt_received(async_client_conn_t conn)

{

    interrupt_received = conn;

}

/* Primitive functions for simple communication */

void async_msg_3(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1,

         ipcarg_t arg2, ipcarg_t arg3)

{

    ipc_call_async_3(phoneid, method, arg1, arg2, arg3, NULL, NULL, !in_interrupt_handler);

}

void async_msg_2(int phoneid, ipcarg_t method, ipcarg_t arg1, ipcarg_t arg2)

{

    ipc_call_async_2(phoneid, method, arg1, arg2, NULL, NULL, !in_interrupt_handler);

}

 /** @}

 */